Energy, Work, and Heat | The Units and Constants Handbook at KnowledgeDoor

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	Energy, Work, and Heat
	Energy, Work, and Heat

Characteristic		barrel-oil-equivalent		Notes
Characteristic		barrel-oil-equivalent		Notes
Symbol	BOE
Other Name	bboe
Metric (SI) Equivalent	6.12 giga joules
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	6.12 giga meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	6.12×109 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2

Characteristic		Board-of-Trade-unit		Notes
Characteristic		Board-of-Trade-unit		Notes
Symbol	BOT
Metric (SI) Equivalent	3.6×106 joules			This equivalent and the others below are exact.
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	3.6×106 meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	3.6×106 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2

Characteristic		British-thermal-unit ( International Steam Table definition )		Notes
Characteristic				Notes
Symbol	Btu
Other Names	British-thermal-unit-IT, Btu-IT, BThU, BThU-IT
Metric (SI) Equivalent	1055.0558526 joules			This equivalent and the others below are calculated from exact values.
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1055.0558526 meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1055.0558526 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Description in Terms of Other Units and Constants	calorie (pound-mass / gram) (degree-Fahrenheit / degree-Celsius)
Unit Group	British-thermal-unit Group

Characteristic		British-thermal-unit-39 ( Value at 39 °F )		Notes
Characteristic		British-thermal-unit-39 ( Value at 39 °F )		Notes
Other Names	Btu-39, BThU-39
Metric (SI) Equivalent	1059.67 joules
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1059.67 meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1059.67 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Unit Group	British-thermal-unit Group

Characteristic		British-thermal-unit-59 ( Value at 59 °F )		Notes
Characteristic		British-thermal-unit-59 ( Value at 59 °F )		Notes
Other Names	Btu-59, BThU-59
Metric (SI) Equivalent	1054.8 joules
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1054.8 meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1054.8 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Unit Group	British-thermal-unit Group

Characteristic		British-thermal-unit-60 ( Value at 60 °F )		Notes
Characteristic		British-thermal-unit-60 ( Value at 60 °F )		Notes
Other Names	Btu-60, BThU-60
Metric (SI) Equivalent	1054.68 joules
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1054.68 meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1054.68 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Unit Group	British-thermal-unit Group

Characteristic		British-thermal-unit-mean ( Average value from 0 °C to 100 °C )		Notes
Characteristic				Notes
Other Names	Btu-mean, BThU-mean
Metric (SI) Equivalent	1055.87 joules
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1055.87 meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1055.87 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Unit Group	British-thermal-unit Group

Characteristic		British-thermal-unit-th ( Thermochemical definition )		Notes
Characteristic		British-thermal-unit-th ( Thermochemical definition )		Notes
Other Names	Btu-th, BThU-th
Metric (SI) Equivalent	1054.3502645 joules			This equivalent and the others below are calculated from exact values.
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1054.3502645 meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1054.3502645 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Description in Terms of Other Units and Constants	calorie-th (pound-mass / gram) (degree-Fahrenheit / degree-Celsius)
Unit Group	British-thermal-unit Group

Characteristic		calorie ( International Steam Table definition )		Notes
Characteristic		calorie ( International Steam Table definition )		Notes
Symbol	cal
Other Names	gram-calorie, petit-calorie, small-calorie, calorie-IT, gram-calorie-IT, petit-calorie-IT, small-calorie-IT
Metric (SI) Equivalent	41.868 deci joules			This equivalent and the others below are exact.
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	41.868 deci meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	4.1868 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Unit Group	calorie Group

Characteristic		calorie-15 ( Value at 15 °C )		Notes
Characteristic		calorie-15 ( Value at 15 °C )		Notes
Other Names	cal-15, gram-calorie-15, petit-calorie-15, small-calorie-15
Metric (SI) Equivalent	41.858 deci joules
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	41.858 deci meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	4.1858 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Unit Group	calorie Group

Characteristic		calorie-20 ( Value at 20 °C )		Notes
Characteristic		calorie-20 ( Value at 20 °C )		Notes
Other Names	cal-20, gram-calorie-20, petit-calorie-20, small-calorie-20
Metric (SI) Equivalent	41.819 deci joules
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	41.819 deci meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	4.1819 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Unit Group	calorie Group

Characteristic		calorie-mean ( Average value from 0 °C to 100 °C )		Notes
Characteristic		calorie-mean ( Average value from 0 °C to 100 °C )		Notes
Other Names	cal-mean, gram-calorie-mean, petit-calorie-mean, small-calorie-mean
Metric (SI) Equivalent	41.9002 deci joules
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	41.9002 deci meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	4.19002 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Unit Group	calorie Group

Characteristic		calorie-th ( Thermochemical definition )		Notes
Characteristic		calorie-th ( Thermochemical definition )		Notes
Other Names	cal-th, gram-calorie-th, petit-calorie-th, small-calorie-th
Metric (SI) Equivalent	41.84 deci joules			This equivalent and the others below are exact.
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	41.84 deci meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	4.184 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Unit Group	calorie Group

Characteristic		Celsius-heat-unit ( International Steam Table definition )		Notes
Characteristic		Celsius-heat-unit ( International Steam Table definition )		Notes
Symbol	Chu
Other Names	Celsius-heat-unit-IT, centigrade-heat-unit
Metric (SI) Equivalent	1899.1005 joules
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1899.1005 meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1899.1005 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Unit Group	Celsius-heat-unit Group

Characteristic		Celsius-heat-unit-mean ( Average value from 0 °C to 100 °C )		Notes
Characteristic				Notes
Other Names	Chu-mean, centigrade-heat-unit-mean
Metric (SI) Equivalent	1900.566 joules
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1900.566 meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1900.566 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Unit Group	Celsius-heat-unit Group

Characteristic		Celsius-heat-unit-th ( Thermochemical definition )		Notes
Characteristic		Celsius-heat-unit-th ( Thermochemical definition )		Notes
Other Names	Chu-th, centigrade-heat-unit-th
Metric (SI) Equivalent	1897.8305 joules
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1897.8305 meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1897.8305 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Unit Group	Celsius-heat-unit Group

Characteristic		electron-mass-energy-equivalent		Notes
Characteristic		electron-mass-energy-equivalent		Notes
Other Name	natural-unit-of-energy
Metric (SI) Equivalent	8.1871057769×10-14 joules
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	8.1871057769×10-14 meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	8.1871057769×10-14 meter2 kilograms / second2
Standard Uncertainty	± 2.5×10-23 joules
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2

Characteristic		electron-volt		Notes
Characteristic		electron-volt		Notes
Symbol	eV
Other Name	equivalent-volt
Metric (SI) Equivalent	1.602176634×10-19 joules			This equivalent and the others below are exact.
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1.602176634×10-19 meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1.602176634×10-19 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2

Characteristic		erg		Notes
Characteristic		erg		Notes
Metric (SI) Equivalent	100 nano joules			This equivalent and the others below are exact.
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	100 nano meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1×10-7 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2

Characteristic		foot-poundal		Notes
Characteristic		foot-poundal		Notes
Other Name	ft-pdl
Metric (SI) Equivalent	4.2140110094 centi joules			This equivalent and the others below are calculated from exact values.
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	4.2140110094 centi meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	0.042140110094 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Description in Terms of Other Units and Constants	foot poundal

Characteristic		foot-pound-force		Notes
Characteristic		foot-pound-force		Notes
Other Names	ft-lbf, foot-pound, ft-lb, duty
Metric (SI) Equivalent	13.558179483 deci joules			This equivalent and the others below are calculated from exact values.
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	13.558179483 deci meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1.3558179483 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Description in Terms of Other Units and Constants	foot pound-force

Characteristic		hartree		Notes
Characteristic		hartree		Notes
Symbol	Eh			Use "E-h" for our conversion calculators.
Other Names	Hartree-energy, atomic-unit-of-energy, double-Rydberg
Metric (SI) Equivalent	4.3597447222×10-18 joules
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	4.3597447222×10-18 meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	4.3597447222×10-18 meter2 kilograms / second2
Standard Uncertainty	± 8.5×10-30 joules
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2

Characteristic		joule		Notes
Characteristic		joule		Notes
Symbol	J
Metric (SI) Equivalent	joule is a metric unit (in fact, it is a derived SI unit)
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	10 deci meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1 meter2 kilogram / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2

Characteristic		kilocalorie ( The "nutritional" or "diet" calorie—International Steam Table definition )		Notes
Characteristic				Notes
Symbol	kcal
Other Names	Calorie, kilogram-calorie, grand-calorie, large-calorie, major-calorie, Calorie-IT, kilocalorie-IT, kilogram-calorie-IT, grand-calorie-IT, large-calorie-IT, major-calorie-IT
Metric (SI) Equivalent	4186.8 joules			This equivalent and the others below are calculated from exact values.
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	4186.8 meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	4186.8 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Description in Terms of Other Units and Constants	1000 calories
Unit Group	kilocalorie Group

Characteristic		kilocalorie-mean ( The "nutritional" or "diet" calorie—Average value from 0 °C to 100 °C )		Notes
Characteristic				Notes
Other Names	kcal-mean, Calorie-mean, kilogram-calorie-mean, grand-calorie-mean, large-calorie-mean, major-calorie-mean
Metric (SI) Equivalent	4190.02 joules
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	4190.02 meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	4190.02 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Description in Terms of Other Units and Constants	1000 calories-mean
Unit Group	kilocalorie Group

Characteristic		kilocalorie-th ( The "nutritional" or "diet" calorie—Thermochemical definition )		Notes
Characteristic				Notes
Other Names	kcal-th, Calorie-th, kilogram-calorie-th, grand-calorie-th, large-calorie-th, major-calorie-th
Metric (SI) Equivalent	4184 joules			This equivalent and the others below are calculated from exact values.
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	4184 meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	4184 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Description in Terms of Other Units and Constants	1000 calories-th
Unit Group	kilocalorie Group

Characteristic		kilogram-force-meter		Notes
Characteristic		kilogram-force-meter		Notes
Symbol	kgfm
Metric (SI) Equivalent	98.0665 deci joules			This equivalent and the others below are calculated from exact values.
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	98.0665 deci meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	9.80665 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Description in Terms of Other Units and Constants	kilogram-force meter

Characteristic		kilowatt-hour		Notes
Characteristic		kilowatt-hour		Notes
Symbol	kWh
Metric (SI) Equivalent	3.6×106 joules			This equivalent and the others below are exact.
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	3.6×106 meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	3.6×106 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2

Characteristic		liter-atmosphere		Notes
Characteristic		liter-atmosphere		Notes
Symbol	latm
Metric (SI) Equivalent	101.325 joules			This equivalent and the others below are exact.
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	101.325 meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	101.325 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2

Characteristic		micri-erg		Notes
Characteristic		micri-erg		Notes
Metric (SI) Equivalent	1 zepto joule			This equivalent and the others below are exact.
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1 zepto meter newton
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1×10-21 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2

Characteristic		neutron-mass-energy-equivalent		Notes
Characteristic		neutron-mass-energy-equivalent		Notes
Metric (SI) Equivalent	1.5053497629×10-10 joules
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1.5053497629×10-10 meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1.5053497629×10-10 meter2 kilograms / second2
Standard Uncertainty	± 8.6×10-20 joules
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2

Characteristic		proton-mass-energy-equivalent		Notes
Characteristic		proton-mass-energy-equivalent		Notes
Metric (SI) Equivalent	1.503277616×10-10 joules
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1.503277616×10-10 meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1.503277616×10-10 meter2 kilograms / second2
Standard Uncertainty	± 4.6×10-20 joules
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2

Characteristic		quad		Notes
Characteristic		quad		Notes
Metric (SI) Equivalent	1.0550558526 exa joules			This equivalent and the others below are calculated from exact values.
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1.0550558526 exa meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1.0550558526×1018 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Description in Terms of Other Units and Constants	1×1015 British-thermal-units

Characteristic		therm ( Used in the United States )		Notes
Characteristic		therm ( Used in the United States )		Notes
Metric (SI) Equivalent	1.054804×108 joules			This equivalent and the others below are exact.
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1.054804×108 meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1.054804×108 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Unit Group	therm Group

Characteristic		therm-EU ( Used in the European Union )		Notes
Characteristic		therm-EU ( Used in the European Union )		Notes
Metric (SI) Equivalent	1.05506×108 joules			This equivalent and the others below are exact.
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1.05506×108 meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1.05506×108 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Unit Group	therm Group

Characteristic		therm-UK ( Used in the United Kingdom )		Notes
Characteristic		therm-UK ( Used in the United Kingdom )		Notes
Metric (SI) Equivalent	1.0550558526×108 joules
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1.0550558526×108 meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	1.0550558526×108 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2
Unit Group	therm Group

Characteristic		ton-of-TNT		Notes
Characteristic		ton-of-TNT		Notes
Metric (SI) Equivalent	4.184 giga joules			This equivalent and the others below are exact.
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	4.184 giga meter newtons
Other Metric (SI) Equivalents with More Basic Units	4.184×109 meter2 kilograms / second2
Metric (SI) Dimensions	length2 × mass × time-2

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