Allotropes

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Allotropes Navigation

Aluminum to Cesium

By Name

By Symbol

By Number

Element

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Americium

allotrope

α'-americium

symbol

α'Am

alternate symbol

αAm

allotrope

α-americium

symbol

αAm

alternate symbol

βAm

allotrope

β-americium

symbol

βAm

alternate symbol

γAm

allotrope

γ-americium

symbol

γAm

Antimony

allotrope

gray antimony

alternate name

grey antimony

alternate name

metallic antimony

alternate name

ordinary antimony

alternate name

rhombohedral antimony

alternate name

α-antimony

symbol

αSb

alternate symbol

Sb-I

allotrope

yellow antimony

allotrope

black antimony

allotrope

β-antimony

symbol

βSb

alternate symbol

Sb-II

allotrope

γ-antimony

symbol

γSb

alternate symbol

Sb-III

Arsenic

allotrope

gray arsenic

alternate name

grey arsenic

alternate name

metallic arsenic

alternate name

ordinary arsenic

alternate name

rhombohedral arsenic

alternate name

α-arsenic

symbol

αAs

allotrope

β-amorphous arsenic

allotrope

γ-amorphous arsenic

allotrope

δ-amorphous arsenic

allotrope

orthorhombic arsenic

alternate name

arsenolamprite arsenic

alternate name

ε-arsenic

symbol

εAs

allotrope

yellow arsenic

alternate name

cubic arsenic

allotrope

fcc arsenic

Beryllium

allotrope

α-beryllium

symbol

αBe

allotrope

β-beryllium

symbol

βBe

allotrope

γ-beryllium

symbol

γBe

Bismuth

allotrope

α-bismuth

symbol

αBi

allotrope

β-bismuth

symbol

βBi

allotrope

γ-bismuth

symbol

γBi

allotrope

δ-bismuth

symbol

δBi

allotrope

ε-bismuth

symbol

εBi

allotrope

ζ-bismuth

symbol

ζBi

Boron

allotrope

α-rhombohedral boron

alternate name

Rhombohedral-12 Boron

symbol

α-R12

allotrope

β-rhombohedral boron

alternate name

Rhombohedral-105 Boron

symbol

β-R105

allotrope

β-tetragonal boron

alternate name

Tetragonal-192 Boron

symbol

β-T192

Carbon

allotrope category

diamond

allotrope

cubic diamond

allotrope

hexagonal diamond

alternate name

lonsdaleite

allotrope category

graphite

allotrope

hexagonal graphite

alternate name

α-graphite

allotrope

rhombohedral graphite

alternate name

β-graphite

allotrope

turbostratic graphite

allotrope

chaoite

allotrope category

fullerenes

allotrope

fullerene-C60

symbol

C60

allotrope

fullerene-C70

symbol

C70

allotrope

carbon nanotubes

allotrope

carbon onions

allotrope

carbon fibers

allotrope

carbon foams

allotrope

graphene films

allotrope

carbon black

Cerium

allotrope

α-cerium

symbol

αCe

allotrope

β-cerium

symbol

βCe

allotrope

γ-cerium

symbol

γCe

allotrope

δ-cerium

symbol

δCe

allotrope

α'-cerium

symbol

α'Ce

Cesium

allotrope

α-cesium

symbol

αCs

alternate symbol

Cs-I

allotrope

β-cesium

symbol

βCs

alternate symbol

Cs-II

allotrope

β'-cesium

symbol

β'Cs

alternate symbol

Cs-III

allotrope

γ-cesium

symbol

γCs

alternate symbol

Cs-IV

References (Click the next to a value above to see complete citation information for that entry)

Allen, Matthew J., Vincent C. Tung, and Richard B. Kaner. "Honeycomb Carbon: A Review of Graphene." Chemical Reviews, volume 110, number 1, 2010, pp. 132–145. doi:10.1021/cr900070d

Donohue, Jerry. The Structures Of The Elements, 2nd edition. Malabar, Florida: Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, 1974.

Falcao, Eduardo HL, and Fred Wudl. "Carbon allotropes: beyond graphite and diamond." Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, volume 82, number 6, 2007, pp. 524–531. doi:10.1002/jctb.1693

Filyand, M. A., and E. I. Semenova. Handbook of the Rare Elements: Radioactive Elements and Rare Earth Elements, volume 3. Translated by Michael E. Alferieff. London: Oldbourne Book Co. Ltd., 1970.

Greenwood, N. N., and A. Earnshaw. Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997.

Herchenroeder, J. W., and K. A. Gschneidner. "Stable, Metastable and Nonexistent Allotropes." Journal of Phase Equilibria, volume 9, number 1, 1988, pp. 2–12. doi:10.1007/BF02877443

King, H. W. "Pressure-Dependent Allotropic Structures of the Elements." Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams, volume 4, number 4, 1983, pp. 449–450. doi:10.1007/BF02868110

King, H. W. "Temperature-Dependent Allotropic Structures of the Elements." Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams, volume 3, number 2, 1982, pp. 275–276. doi:10.1007/BF02892394

Li, Wai-Kee, Gong-Du Zhou, and Thomas Mak. Advanced Structural Inorganic Chemistry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

Lide, David R., editor. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 88th edition. Boca Raton, Florida: Taylor & Francis Group, 2008.

Madelung, O., U. Rössler, and M. Schulz, editors. Non-Tetrahedrally Bonded Elements and Binary Compounds I. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1998. doi:10.1007/b71138

Scientific Group Thermodata Europe (SGTE). Pure Substances: Part 1—Elements and Compounds from AgBr to Ba3N2. Edited by I. Hurtado and D. Neuschütz. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1999. doi:10.1007/10652891_3

Sinitskii, Alexander, and James M. Tour. "Graphene Electronics, Unzipped." IEEE Spectrum, volume 47, number 11, 2010, pp. 28–33.

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