Ionization Energies

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Ionization Energies Navigation

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By Symbol

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Dysprosium to Iron

Element

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Dysprosium

I (1)

5.9389 eV

II (2)

11.67 eV

III (3)

22.8 ± 0.3 eV

IV (4)

41.4 ± 0.4 eV

Erbium

I (1)

6.1077 eV

II (2)

11.93 eV

III (3)

22.74 ± 0.10 eV

IV (4)

42.7 ± 0.4 eV

Europium

I (1)

5.67038 eV

II (2)

11.25 eV

III (3)

24.92 ± 0.10 eV

IV (4)

42.7 ± 0.6 eV

Fluorine

I (1)

17.4228 eV

II (2)

34.9708 eV

III (3)

62.7084 eV

IV (4)

87.1398 eV

V (5)

114.2428 eV

VI (6)

157.1651 eV

VII (7)

185.186 eV

VIII (8)

953.9112 eV

IX (9)

1103.1176 eV

Gadolinium

I (1)

6.14980 eV

II (2)

12.09 eV

III (3)

20.63 ± 0.10 eV

IV (4)

44.0 ± 0.7 eV

Gallium

I (1)

5.9993016 ± 0.0000012 eV

II (2)

20.51515 ± 0.00012 eV

III (3)

30.7258 ± 0.0002 eV

IV (4)

63.241 ± 0.009 eV

V (5)

86.01 ± 0.12 eV

VI (6)

112.7 ± 1.1 eV

VII (7)

140.9 ± 1.4 eV

VIII (8)

169.9 ± 1.7 eV

IX (9)

210.8 ± 2.1 eV

X (10)

244.0 ± 2.5 eV

XI (11)

280.7 ± 2.9 eV

XII (12)

319.2 ± 3.2 eV

XIII (13)

357.2 ± 3.6 eV

XIV (14)

471.2 ± 1.4 eV

XV (15)

508.8 ± 0.4 eV

XVI (16)

548.3 ± 0.7 eV

XVII (17)

599.8 ± 1.4 eV

XVIII (18)

640.0 ± 1.5 eV

XIX (19)

676.9 ± 2.9 eV

XX (20)

765.7 ± 0.9 eV

XXI (21)

807.308 ± 0.025 eV

XXII (22)

2010.0 ± 1.1 eV

XXIII (23)

2129.1 ± 3.7 eV

XXIV (24)

2258 ± 5 eV

XXV (25)

2391 ± 18 eV

XXVI (26)

2543.9 ± 2.0 eV

XXVII (27)

2683.0 ± 1.4 eV

XXVIII (28)

2868.1 ± 2.8 eV

XXIX (29)

2984.1 ± 0.5 eV

XXX (30)

12696.605 eV

XXXI (31)

13239.488 ± 0.006 eV

Germanium

I (1)

7.89943 eV

II (2)

15.93461 eV

III (3)

34.0576 ± 0.0010 eV

IV (4)

45.7155 ± 0.0010 eV

V (5)

94.500 ± 0.02 eV

VI (6)

115.9 ± 0.1 eV

VII (7)

144.9 ± 1.5 eV

VIII (8)

176.4 ± 1.7 eV

IX (9)

212.7 ± 2.1 eV

X (10)

251.7 ± 2.5 eV

XI (11)

285.7 ± 2.8 eV

XII (12)

326.6 ± 3.2 eV

XIII (13)

368 ± 4 eV

XIV (14)

409 ± 2 eV

XV (15)

532 ± 1 eV

XVI (16)

567 ± 2 eV

XVII (17)

610 ± 1 eV

XVIII (18)

668 ± 4 eV

XIX (19)

707 ± 1 eV

XX (20)

748 ± 3 eV

XXI (21)

834 ± 8 eV

XXII (22)

880.50 ± 0.06 eV

XXIII (23)

2176.9 ± 2.2 eV

XXIV (24)

2303 ± 22 eV

XXV (25)

2442 ± 25 eV

XXVI (26)

2666 ± 27 eV

XXVII (27)

2744 ± 27 eV

XXVIII (28)

2886 ± 29 eV

XXIX (29)

3069 ± 31 eV

XXX (30)

3194.6 ± 3.7 eV

XXXI (31)

13557.34 ± 0.62 eV

XXXII (32)

14119.4348 ± 0.0060 eV

Holmium

I (1)

6.0215 eV

II (2)

11.80 eV

III (3)

22.84 ± 0.10 eV

IV (4)

42.5 ± 0.6 eV

Iron

I (1)

7.9024 eV

II (2)

16.1877 eV

III (3)

30.652 ± 0.010 eV

IV (4)

54.8 ± 0.1 eV

V (5)

75.0 ± 0.2 eV

VI (6)

99.1 ± 0.2 eV

VII (7)

124.98 ± 0.01 eV

VIII (8)

151.06 eV

IX (9)

233.6 eV

X (10)

262.1 eV

XI (11)

290.2 eV

XII (12)

330.8 eV

XIII (13)

361.0 eV

XIV (14)

392.2 eV

XV (15)

457 eV

XVI (16)

489.260 eV

XVII (17)

1266 eV

XVIII (18)

1358 eV

XIX (19)

1456 eV

XX (20)

1582 eV

XXI (21)

1689 eV

XXII (22)

1799 eV

XXIII (23)

1950 eV

XXIV (24)

2023 eV

XXV (25)

8828 eV

XXVI (26)

9277.76 eV

References (Click the next to a value above to see complete citation information for that entry)

Lide, David R., editor. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 88th edition. Boca Raton, Florida: Taylor & Francis Group, 2008.

Martin, W. C., Romuald Zalubas, and Lucy Hagan. Atomic Energy Levels—The Rare-Earth Elements. Washington, D.C.: National Bureau of Standards, 1978.

Moore, Charlotte E. Ionization Potentials and Ionization Limits Derived from the Analyses of Optical Spectra. Washington, D.C.: National Bureau of Standards, 1970.

Sansonetti, J. E., and W. C. Martin. "Handbook of Basic Atomic Spectroscopic Data." Journal Of Physical And Chemical Reference Data, volume 34, number 4, 2005, pp. 1559–2259. doi:10.1063/1.1800011

Seaborg, Glenn T. "Prospects for Further Considerable Extension of the Periodic Table." Journal of Chemical Education, volume 46, number 10, 1969, pp. 626–634. doi:10.1021/ed046p626

Seaborg, Glenn T., and Walter D. Loveland. The Elements Beyond Uranium. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1990.

Shirai, T., J. Reader, A. E. Kramida, and J. Sugar. "Spectral Data for Gallium: Ga I through Ga XXXI." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, volume 36, number 2, 2007, pp. 509–615. doi:10.1063/1.2207144

Shirai, Toshizo, Yoshio Funatake, Kazuo Mori, Jack Sugar, Wolfgang L. Wiese, and Yohta Nakai. "Spectral Data and Grotrian Diagrams for Highly Ionized Iron, Fe VIII–XXVI." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, volume 19, number 1, 1990, pp. 127–275.

Sugar, Jack, and Arlene Musgrove. "Energy Levels of Germanium, Ge I through Ge XXXII." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, volume 22, number 5, 1993, pp. 1213–1278.

Sugar, Jack, and Charles Corliss. "Atomic Energy Levels of the Iron-Period Elements: Potassium through Nickel." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, volume 14, number 2, 1985, pp. 1–664.

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