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Iridium

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Iridium Quick Reference

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Notes

Symbol

Ir

Atomic Number

77

Atomic Weight

Rounded

192.22

for regular calculations

Standard

192.217 ± 0.002

for precise calculations

Oxidation States

 6

less common

 5

less common

 4

more common

 3

more common

 2

less common

 1

less common

 0

less common

-1

less common

Pauling Electronegativity

2.20

Electron Configuration

Orbital Occupancy

[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2

[Xe] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of xenon

Orbital Filling Order

[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d7

[Xe] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of xenon

Term Symbol

4F9/2

see expanded configuration ...

Ionization Energies

I (1)

8.96702 eV

Electron Affinity

1.56436 ± 0.00015 eV

12617.4 ± 1.2 cm-1  

Density

liquid, 2719.15 K

20.000 g/ml 

solid

400 K

22.515 g/cm3

crystallographic

300 K

22.559 g/cm3

crystallographic

20 °C

22.562 ± 0.009 g/cm3

290 K

22.563 g/cm3

crystallographic

280 K

22.568 g/cm3

crystallographic

270 K

22.572 g/cm3

crystallographic

see all 47 densities ...

Molar Volume

solid, 298 K, 1 atm

8.52 cm3/mol

Melting Point

1 atm

2719 K

ITS-90 first-quality, secondary reference point (freezing point)

Boiling Point

1 atm

4898 ± 50 K

reference stated that the uncertainty may be larger than indicated

Thermal Conductivity

solid

400 K

144 W/(m K)

300 K

147 W/(m K)

298.2 K

147 W/(m K)

273.2 K

148 W/(m K)

200 K

153 W/(m K)

see all 42 conductivities ...

Pyykkö Covalent Radius

single bond

122 pm

double bond

115 pm

triple bond

107 pm

Atomic Radius

136 pm

Enthalpy of Fusion

1 atm

26.4 kJ/mol

Enthalpy of Vaporization

1 atm

563.6 kJ/mol

Quantity

Iridium Atomic Structure

Notes

Ionization Energies

I (1)

8.96702 eV

Electron Affinity

1.56436 ± 0.00015 eV

12617.4 ± 1.2 cm-1  

Electron Binding Energies

K    (1s)

76111 eV  

LI   (2s)

13419 eV  

LII  (2p1/2)

12824 eV  

LIII (2p3/2)

11215 eV  

see all 19 energies ...

Electron Configuration

Orbital Occupancy

[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2

[Xe] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of xenon

Orbital Filling Order

[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d7

[Xe] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of xenon

Term Symbol

4F9/2

see expanded configuration ...

Clementi-Raimondi Effective Nuclear Charge

1s

Orbital Exponent

75.5119

ζ

Principle Quantum Number

1

n

Effective Nuclear Charge

75.5119

Zeff = ζ × n

2s

Orbital Exponent

28.4449

ζ

Principle Quantum Number

2

n

Effective Nuclear Charge

56.8898

Zeff = ζ × n

see all 14 effective nuclear charges ...

Screening Percentage

86.1%

Fluorescence Yields

ωK

0.958

ωL1

0.145

ωL2

0.331

ωL3

0.292

Coster-Kronig Yields

F12

0.076

F13

0.482

F23

0.128

Quantity

Iridium Physical Properties

Notes

Density

liquid, 2719.15 K

20.000 g/ml 

solid

400 K

22.515 g/cm3

crystallographic

300 K

22.559 g/cm3

crystallographic

20 °C

22.562 ± 0.009 g/cm3

290 K

22.563 g/cm3

crystallographic

280 K

22.568 g/cm3

crystallographic

270 K

22.572 g/cm3

crystallographic

see all 47 densities ...

Molar Mass

Rounded

192.22 g/mol

for regular calculations

Standard

192.217 ± 0.002 g/mol

for precise calculations

Molar Volume

solid, 298 K, 1 atm

8.52 cm3/mol

Physical Form

silvery-white metal

Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient

25 °C

6.4×10-6 K-1

283 K

6.65×10-6 K-1

85 K

3.90×10-6 K-1

75 K

3.43×10-6 K-1

65 K

2.88×10-6 K-1

57.5 K

2.37×10-6 K-1

see all 20 coefficients ...

Speed of Sound

solid, 293 K

4800 m/s to 4850 m/s

calculated value

Young's Modulus

528 GPa

Poisson's Ratio

0.262

Electrical Resistivity

solid, 295 K

5.1×10-8 Ohm m

Contact Potential

4.57 eV

Thermionic Work Function

5.3 eV

Superconducting Transition Temperature

0.1125 ± 0.0005 K

Superconducting Critical Magnetic Field at Absolute Zero

19×10-4 T

Mineralogical Hardness

6.5

Vickers Hardness

annealed at 2273 K, purity - 99.93%

293 K

1760 MN/m2

673 K

1410 MN/m2

see all 5 hardnesses ...

Reflectivity

surface polished

1.0 μm

78%

2.0 μm

87%

4.0 μm

94%

see all 6 reflectivities ...

Isothermal Bulk Modulus

300 K

355 GPa

Isothermal Compressibility

300 K

0.00282 GPa-1

Gram Atomic Volume

9 cm3

Quantity

Iridium Atomic Interaction

Notes

Oxidation States

 6

less common

 5

less common

 4

more common

 3

more common

 2

less common

 1

less common

 0

less common

-1

less common

Pauling Electronegativity

2.20

Allred-Rochow Electronegativity

1.55

Configuration Energy

electron volt units

9.96 eV

Pauling units

1.68   

Allred Electronegativity

oxidation state: 2

2.20

Nagle Electronegativity

1.43

Pearson Absolute Electronegativity

5.4 eV

Chemical Hardness

3.8 eV

Cohesive Energy

per mole

670 kJ/mol    

per atom

  6.94 eV/atom

Quantity

Iridium Thermodynamics

Notes

Melting Point

1 atm

2719 K

ITS-90 first-quality, secondary reference point (freezing point)

Boiling Point

1 atm

4898 ± 50 K

reference stated that the uncertainty may be larger than indicated

Thermal Conductivity

solid

400 K

144 W/(m K)

300 K

147 W/(m K)

298.2 K

147 W/(m K)

273.2 K

148 W/(m K)

200 K

153 W/(m K)

see all 42 conductivities ...

Critical Point

7800 K

Vapor Pressure

4898 K

1 atm

4894 K

1 bar

4193 K

1×10-1 bar

3681 K

1×10-2 bar

2719 K

9.837×10-6 bar

melting point

see all 19 pressures ...

Enthalpy of Fusion

1 atm

26.4 kJ/mol

Enthalpy of Vaporization

1 atm

563.6 kJ/mol

Isobaric Molar Heat Capacity

298.15 K, 1 bar

25.10 J/(mol K)

Isobaric Specific Heat Capacity

298.15 K, 1 bar

0.131 J/(g K)

Electronic Heat Capacity Coefficient

3.14 mJ/(mol K2)

Debye Temperature

Low Temperature Limit ( 0 K )

420 K

Room Temperature ( 298 K )

228 K

Quantity

Iridium Identification

Notes

CAS Number

7439-88-5

Quantity

Iridium Atomic Size

Notes

Atomic Radius

136 pm

Orbital Radius

122.7 pm

Pyykkö Covalent Radius

single bond

122 pm

double bond

115 pm

triple bond

107 pm

Cordero Covalent Radius

141 pm

Shannon-Prewitt Crystal Radius

ion charge: +3, coordination number: 6

82 pm  

ion charge: +4, coordination number: 6

76.5 pm

ion charge: +5, coordination number: 6

71 pm  

Shannon-Prewitt Effective Ionic Radius

ion charge: +3, coordination number: 6

68 pm  

ion charge: +4, coordination number: 6

62.5 pm

ion charge: +5, coordination number: 6

57 pm  

Batsanov Crystallographic Van Der Waals Radius

2.0×102 pm

Batsanov Equilibrium Van Der Waals Radius

234 pm

Slater Atomic-Ionic Radius

135 pm

Quantity

Iridium Crystal Structure

Notes

Nearest Neighbor Distance

300 K, 1 atm

271 pm

Atomic Concentration

300 K, 1 atm

7.06×1022 cm-3

Quantity

Iridium History

Notes

Discovery

date of discovery

1804

discoverer

Smithson Tennant

birth

November 30, 1761

death

February 22, 1815

location of discovery

London, England

Origin of Element Name

origin

iris

origin description

color—Latin for rainbow

Origin of Element Symbol

symbol: Ir

origin

iridium

origin description

element name

Formerly Used or Proposed Element Names and Symbols

symbol

I

Quantity

Iridium Abundances

Notes

Earth's Crust

1×10-3 ppm

Earth's Mantle

3.2 ppb

primitive mantle

Earth's Core

2.6 ppm

Bulk Earth

0.9 ppm

Metalliferous Ocean Sediment

Ridge

0.8 ppb

U.S. Coal

<0.001 ppm

estimated from USGS and literature data

Solar System

0.661

number of atoms for every 106 atoms of silicon

Sun

1.35 ± 0.10

base 10 log of the number of atoms for every 1012 atoms of hydrogen

Meteorites

1.35 ± 0.01

base 10 log of the number of atoms for every 1012 atoms of hydrogen

Quantity

Iridium Nomenclature

Notes

Element Names in Other Languages

French

iridium

German

Iridium

Italian

iridio

Spanish

iridio

Portuguese

irídio

Anions or Anionic Substituent Groups

iridide

Cations or Cationic Substituent Groups

iridium

Ligands

iridido

Heteroatomic Anion

iridate

'a' Term—Substitutive Nomenclature

irida

'y' Term—Chains and Rings Nomenclature

iridy

References    (Click the button next to a value above to see complete citation information for that entry)

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