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Lawrencium

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Lawrencium Quick Reference

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Notes

Symbol

Lr

Atomic Number

103

Oxidation States

3

more common

2

unverified

Electron Configuration

Orbital Occupancy

[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1

[Rn] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of radon

Orbital Filling Order

[Rn] 7s2 5f14 7p1

[Rn] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of radon

Term Symbol

2P1/2

see expanded configuration ...

Ionization Energies

I (1)

4.9 eV

Melting Point

1900.15 K

Thermal Conductivity

solid, 300 K

10 W/(m K)

estimated

Pyykkö Covalent Radius

single bond

161 pm

double bond

141 pm

Quantity

Lawrencium Atomic Structure

Notes

Ionization Energies

I (1)

4.9 eV

Electron Binding Energies

K    (1s)

152970 ± 30 eV

LI   (2s)

 30083 ± 12 eV

LII  (2p1/2)

 29103 ± 12 eV

LIII (2p3/2)

 22359 ± 10 eV

see all 24 energies ...

Electron Configuration

Orbital Occupancy

[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1

[Rn] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of radon

Orbital Filling Order

[Rn] 7s2 5f14 7p1

[Rn] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of radon

Term Symbol

2P1/2

see expanded configuration ...

Fluorescence Yields

ωK

0.973

ωL1

0.282

ωL2

0.533

ωL3

0.604

Coster-Kronig Yields

F12

0.01 

F13

0.53 

F23

0.185

Quantity

Lawrencium Physical Properties

Notes

Physical Form

metal

Quantity

Lawrencium Atomic Interaction

Notes

Oxidation States

3

more common

2

unverified

Quantity

Lawrencium Thermodynamics

Notes

Melting Point

1900.15 K

Thermal Conductivity

solid, 300 K

10 W/(m K)

estimated

Quantity

Lawrencium Identification

Notes

CAS Number

22537-19-5

Quantity

Lawrencium Atomic Size

Notes

Pyykkö Covalent Radius

single bond

161 pm

double bond

141 pm

Quantity

Lawrencium History

Notes

Discovery

date of discovery

1961

discoverer

Albert Ghiorso

birth

July 15, 1915

discoverer

Torbjørn Sikkeland

discoverer

Almon E. Larsh

discoverer

Robert M. Latimer

location of discovery

Berkeley, California

Origin of Element Name

origin

Ernest O. Lawrence

origin description

person—American physicist who won the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physics

Origin of Element Symbol

symbol: Lr

origin

lawrencium

origin description

element name

Formerly Used or Proposed Element Names and Symbols

symbol

Lw

name

unniltrium

matching symbol

Unt

Quantity

Lawrencium Nomenclature

Notes

Element Names in Other Languages

French

lawrencium

German

Lawrencium

Italian

lawrentio

Spanish

lawrencio

Portuguese

laurêncio

Anions or Anionic Substituent Groups

lawrencide

Cations or Cationic Substituent Groups

lawrencium

Ligands

lawrencido

Heteroatomic Anion

lawrencate

'a' Term—Substitutive Nomenclature

lawrenca

'y' Term—Chains and Rings Nomenclature

lawrency

References    (Click the button next to a value above to see complete citation information for that entry)

Connelly, Neil G., Ture Damhus, Richard M. Hartshorn, and Alan T. Hutton. Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations 2005. Cambridge: RSC Publishing, 2005.

Cox, P. A. The Elements: Their Origin, Abundance and Distribution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.

de Podesta, Michael. Understanding the Properties of Matter, 2nd edition. London: Taylor & Francis, 2002.

Emsley, John. Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Emsley, John. The Elements, 3rd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Firestone, Richard B. Table of Isotopes, 8th edition, volume 2. Edited by Virginia S. Shirley, with assistant editors Coral M. Baglin, S. Y. Frank Chu, and Jean Zipkin. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996.

Fritzsche, S., C. Z. Dong, F. Koike, and A. Uvarov. "The Low-Lying Level Structure of Atomic Lawrencium (Z = 103): Energies and Absorption Rates." The European Physical Journal D — Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics, volume 45, number 1, 2007, pp. 107–113. doi:10.1140/epjd/e2007-00136-3

Ghiorso, A., B. G. Harvey, G. R. Choppin, S. G. Thompson, and G. T. Seaborg. "New Element Mendelevium, Atomic Number 101." Physical Review, volume 98, number 5, 1955, pp. 1518–1519. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.98.1518

Ghiorso, A., S. G. Thompson, G. H. Higgins, G. T. Seaborg, M. H. Studier, P. R. Fields, S. M. Fried, H. Diamond, J. F. Mech, G. L. Pyle, J. R. Huizenga, A. Hirsch, W. M. Manning, C. I. Browne, H. L. Smith, and R. W. Spence. "New Elements Einsteinium and Fermium, Atomic Numbers 99 and 100." Physical Review, volume 99, number 3, 1955, pp. 1048–1049. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.99.1048

Ghiorso, A., T. Sikkeland, J. R. Walton, and G. T. Seaborg. "Element No. 102." Physical Review Letters, volume 1, number 1, 1958, pp. 18–21. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.1.18

Ghiorso, Albert, Torbjørn Sikkeland, Almon E. Larsh, and Robert M. Latimer. "New Element, Lawrencium, Atomic Number 103." Physical Review Letters, volume 6, number 9, 1961, pp. 473–475. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.6.473

Greenwood, N. N., and A. Earnshaw. Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997.

Ho, C. Y., R. W. Powell, and P. E. Liley. "Thermal Conductivity of the Elements: A Comprehensive Review." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, volume 3, supplement 1, 1974, pp. I–1 to I–796.

Hoffman, Darleane C., Albert Ghiorso, and Glenn T. Seaborg. The Transuranium People: The Inside Story. London, England: Imperial College Press, 2000.

Huheey, James E., Ellen A. Keiter, and Richard L Keiter. Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th edition. New York: HarperCollins College Publishers, 1993.

Ihde, Aaron J. The Development of Modern Chemistry. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1984.

Indelicato, P., J. P. Santos, S. Boucard, and J.-P. Desclaux. "QED and Relativistic Corrections in Superheavy Elements." The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics, volume 45, number 1, 2007, pp. 155–170. doi:10.1140/epjd/e2007-00229-y

Kaltsoyannis, Nikolas, and Peter Scott. The f Elements. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Krause, M. O. "Atomic Radiative and Radiationless Yields for K and L Shells." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, volume 8, number 2, 1979, pp. 307–327.

Lide, David R., editor. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 88th edition. Boca Raton, Florida: Taylor & Francis Group, 2008.

Marshall, James L. Discovery of the Elements: A Search for the Fundamental Principles of the Universe, 2nd edition. Boston, MA: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2002.

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Miessler, Gary L., and Donald A. Tarr. Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004.

Pekka Pyykkö. Self-Consistent, Year-2009 Covalent Radii. http://www.chem.helsinki.fi/~pyykko/Radii09.pdf. Accessed on November 20, 2010.

Porter, F.T., and M. S. Freedman. "Recommended Atomic Electron Binding Energies, 1s to 6p3/2, for the Heavy Elements, Z = 84 to 103." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, volume 7, number 4, 1978, pp. 1267–1284.

Pyykkö, Pekka, and Michiko Atsumi. "Molecular Double-Bond Covalent Radii for Elements Li-E112." Chemistry - A European Journal, volume 15, number 46, 2009, pp. 12770–12779. doi:10.1002/chem.200901472

Pyykkö, Pekka, and Michiko Atsumi. "Molecular Single-Bond Covalent Radii for Elements 1-118." Chemistry - A European Journal, volume 15, number 1, 2009, pp. 186–197. doi:10.1002/chem.200800987

Ringnes, Vivi. "Origin of the Names of Chemical Elements." Journal of Chemical Education, volume 66, number 9, 1989, pp. 731–738. doi:10.1021/ed066p731

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Thompson, S. G., A. Ghiorso, and G. T. Seaborg. "The New Element Berkelium (Atomic Number 97)." Physical Review, volume 80, number 5, 1950, pp. 781–789. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.80.781

Thompson, S. G., K. Street, Jr., A. Ghiorso, and G. T. Seaborg. "The New Element Californium (Atomic Number 98)." Physical Review, volume 80, number 5, 1950, pp. 790–796. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.80.790

Yaws, Carl L. The Yaws Handbook of Physical Properties for Hydrocarbons and Chemicals. Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing Company, 2005.

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