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Oxidation States Navigation

By Name

By Symbol

By Number

Element

Oxidation States

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Notes

Indium

 3

more common

 2

less common

 1

less common

Iodine

 7

less common with disagreement

 5

more common with disagreement

 3

less common with disagreement

 1

less common with disagreement

 0

less common

-1

more common

Iridium

 6

less common

 5

less common

 4

more common

 3

more common

 2

less common

 1

less common

 0

less common

-1

less common

Iron

 6

less common

 5

less common

 4

less common

 3

more common

 2

more common

 1

less common

 0

less common

-1

less common

-2

less common

Krypton

 2

less common with disagreement

 0

more common with disagreement

Lanthanum

 3

more common

 2

less common

Lawrencium

 3

more common

 2

unverified

Lead

 4

less common with disagreement

 2

more common with disagreement

Lithium

 1

more common

-1

less common

Livermorium

 4

predicted

 2

predicted

Lutetium

 3

Magnesium

 2

Manganese

 7

more common with disagreement

 6

less common with disagreement

 5

less common with disagreement

 4

more common with disagreement

 3

less common with disagreement

 2

more common

 1

less common

 0

less common

-1

less common

-2

less common

-3

less common

Meitnerium

 6

predicted

 5

predicted

 4

predicted

 3

predicted

 2

predicted

 1

predicted

Mendelevium

 3

more common

 2

less common with disagreement

 1

unverified

Mercury

 2

more common

 1

more common with disagreement

Molybdenum

 6

more common

 5

less common with disagreement

 4

more common with disagreement

 3

less common with disagreement

 2

less common with disagreement

 1

less common

 0

less common

-1

less common

-2

less common

Moscovium

 3

predicted

 1

predicted

Neodymium

 4

less common

 3

more common

 2

less common

Neon

 0

Neptunium

 7

less common

 6

less common

 5

more common

 4

less common

 3

less common

 2

less common

Nickel

 6

less common

 4

less common

 3

less common with disagreement

 2

more common

 1

less common

 0

less common

-1

less common

Nihonium

 1

Niobium

 5

more common

 4

less common with disagreement

 3

less common with disagreement

 2

less common with disagreement

 1

less common

 0

less common

-1

less common

-3

less common

Nitrogen

 5

more common

 4

less common

 3

less common with disagreement

 2

less common

 1

less common

 0

less common

-1

less common

-2

less common

-3

more common with disagreement

Nobelium

 3

less common with disagreement

 2

more common with disagreement

Oganesson

 8

predicted

 6

predicted

 4

predicted

 2

predicted

Osmium

 8

less common with disagreement

 7

less common

 6

less common with disagreement

 5

less common

 4

more common

 3

less common

 2

less common

 1

less common

 0

less common

-2

less common

Oxygen

 2

less common

 1

less common

 0

less common

-1

less common

-2

more common

Palladium

 4

more common with disagreement

 2

more common

 0

less common

Phosphorus

 5

more common

 4

less common

 3

more common with disagreement

 2

less common

 1

less common

 0

less common

-1

less common

-2

less common

-3

more common with disagreement

Platinum

 6

less common

 5

less common

 4

more common

 2

more common with disagreement

 0

less common

Plutonium

 7

less common

 6

less common

 5

less common

 4

more common

 3

less common

 2

less common

Polonium

 6

less common

 4

more common

 2

less common with disagreement

-2

less common with disagreement

Potassium

 1

more common

-1

less common

Praseodymium

 4

less common

 3

more common

 2

less common

Promethium

 3

References    (Click the button next to a value above to see complete citation information for that entry)

Ebbing, Darrell D., and Steven D. Gammon. General Chemistry, 8th edition. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005.

Emsley, John. The Elements, 3rd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Greenwood, N. N., and A. Earnshaw. Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997.

Huheey, James E., Ellen A. Keiter, and Richard L Keiter. Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th edition. New York: HarperCollins College Publishers, 1993.

Kaltsoyannis, Nikolas, and Peter Scott. The f Elements. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Keller, Jr., O. Lewin, and Glenn T. Seaborg. "Chemistry of the Transactinide Elements." pp. 139–166 in Annual Review Of Nuclear Science. Edited by Emilio Segre. Palo Alto, California: Annual Reviews Inc., 1977.

Oxtoby, David W., H. P. Gillis, and Alan Campion. Principles of Modern Chemistry, 6th edition. Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2008.

Seaborg, Glenn T., and Walter D. Loveland. The Elements Beyond Uranium. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1990.

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