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Element

Discovery

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Seaborgium

date of discovery

1974

discoverer

Albert Ghiorso

birth

July 15, 1915

discoverer

Joachim Michael Nitschke

discoverer

Jose R. Alonso

discoverer

Carol T. Alonso

discoverer

Matti Nurmia

discoverer

Glenn Theodore Seaborg

birth

April 19, 1912

death

February 25, 1999

discoverer

E. Kenneth Hulet

discoverer

Ronald W. Lougheed

location of discovery

Berkeley, California

Selenium

date of discovery

1818

discoverer

Jöns Jacob Berzelius

birth

August 20, 1779

death

August 7, 1848

location of discovery

Stockholm, Sweden

Silicon

date of discovery

1824

discoverer

Jöns Jacob Berzelius

birth

August 20, 1779

death

August 7, 1848

location of discovery

Stockholm, Sweden

Silver

date of discovery

circa 5000 BC

discoverer

unknown

location of discovery

unknown

Sodium

date of discovery

1807

discoverer

Humphry Davy

birth

December 17, 1778

death

May 29, 1829

location of discovery

London, England

Strontium

date of discovery

1808

discoverer

Humphry Davy

birth

December 17, 1778

death

May 29, 1829

location of discovery

London, England

Sulfur

date of discovery

prehistory

discoverer

unknown

location of discovery

unknown

Tantalum

date of discovery

1802

discoverer

Anders Gustaf Ekeberg

birth

January 16, 1767

death

February 11, 1813

location of discovery

Uppsala, Sweden

Technetium

date of discovery

1937

discoverer

Emilio Gino Segrè

birth

1905

death

1989

discoverer

Carlo Perrier

birth

1886

death

1948

location of discovery

Palermo, Silicy, Italy

Tellurium

date of discovery

1783

discoverer

Baron Franz Joseph Müller von Reichenstein

birth

July 1, 1740

death

October 12, 1825 (1826?)

location of discovery

Sibiu, Romania

Tennessine

date of discovery

2013

discoverer

Yu. Ts. Oganessian

discoverer

F. Sh. Abdullin

discoverer

S. N. Dmitriev

discoverer

J. M. Gostic

discoverer

J. H. Hamilton

discoverer

R. A. Henderson

discoverer

M. G. Itkis

discoverer

K. J. Moody

discoverer

A. N. Polyakov

discoverer

A. V. Ramayya

discoverer

J. B. Roberto

discoverer

K. P. Rykaczewski

discoverer

R. N. Sagaidak

discoverer

D. A. Shaughnessy

discoverer

I. V. Shirokovsky

discoverer

M. A. Stoyer

discoverer

N. J. Stoyer

discoverer

V. G. Subbotin

discoverer

A. M. Sukhov

discoverer

Yu. S. Tsyganov

discoverer

V. K. Utyonkov

discoverer

A. A. Voinov

discoverer

G. K. Vostokin

location of discovery

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Terbium

date of discovery

1843

discoverer

Carl Gustav Mosander

birth

September 10, 1797

death

October 15, 1858

location of discovery

Stockholm, Sweden

Thallium

date of discovery

1861

discoverer

Sir William Crookes

birth

June 17, 1832

death

April 4, 1919

location of discovery

London, England

Thorium

date of discovery

1829

discoverer

Jöns Jacob Berzelius

birth

August 20, 1779

death

August 7, 1848

location of discovery

Stockholm, Sweden

Thulium

date of discovery

1879

discoverer

Per Teodor Cleve

birth

February 10, 1840

death

June 18, 1905

location of discovery

Uppsala, Sweden

Tin

date of discovery

circa 2100 BC

discoverer

unknown

location of discovery

unknown

Titanium

shared discovery

date of discovery

1795

discoverer

Martin Heinrich Klaproth

birth

December 1, 1743

death

January 1, 1817

location of discovery

Berlin, Germany

shared discovery

date of discovery

1791

discoverer

William Gregor

birth

December 25, 1761

death

June 11 (or July 11), 1817

location of discovery

Creed, in Cornwall, England

Tungsten

date of discovery

1783

discoverer

Don Fausto de Elhuyar

birth

October 11, 1755

death

January 6, 1833

discoverer

Don Juan José de Elhuyar y de Zubice

birth

June 15, 1754

death

September 20, 1796

location of discovery

Vergara, Spain

Uranium

date of discovery

1789

discoverer

Martin Heinrich Klaproth

birth

December 1, 1743

death

January 1, 1817

location of discovery

Berlin, Germany

Vanadium

date of discovery

1801

discoverer

Andrés del Río

birth

November 10, 1764

death

March 23, 1849

location of discovery

Mexico

Xenon

date of discovery

1898

discoverer

William Ramsay

birth

October 2, 1852

death

July 23, 1916

discoverer

Morris William Travers

birth

January 24, 1872

death

1961

location of discovery

London, England

Ytterbium

date of discovery

1878

discoverer

Jean-Charles Galissard de Marignac

birth

April 24, 1817

death

April 15, 1894

location of discovery

Geneva, Switzerland

Yttrium

date of discovery

1794

discoverer

Johan Gadolin

birth

June 5, 1760

death

August 15, 1852

location of discovery

Turku, Finland

Zinc

date of discovery

circa 1200

discoverer

unknown

location of discovery

India

Zirconium

date of discovery

1789

discoverer

Martin Heinrich Klaproth

birth

December 1, 1743

death

January 1, 1817

location of discovery

Berlin, Germany

References    (Click the button next to a value above to see complete citation information for that entry)

Barber, Robert C., Paul J. Karol, Hiromichi Nakahara, Emanuele Vardaci, and Erich W. Vogt. "Discovery of the Elements with Atomic Numbers Greater than or Equal to 113 (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry, volume 83, number 7, 2011, pp. 1485–1498. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-10-05-01

Corson, D. R., K. R. MacKenzie, and E. Segrè. "Artificially Radioactive Element 85." Physical Review, volume 58, number 8, 1940, pp. 672–678. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.58.672

Cox, P. A. The Elements: Their Origin, Abundance and Distribution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ekeberg, A. G. "Of the Properties of the Earth Yttria, Compared with Those of Glucine of Fossils, in Which the First of These Earths is Contained; and of the Discovery of a New Substance of a Metallic Nature (Tantalium)." A Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts, volume 3, 1802, pp. 251–255.

Emsley, John. Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Featherstonhaugh, G. W. "New Metal, Provisionally Called Vanadium, and Professor Del Rio's Letter." Monthly American Journal of Geology and Natural Science, volume 1, 1831, pp. 67–70.

Ghiorso, A., B. G. Harvey, G. R. Choppin, S. G. Thompson, and G. T. Seaborg. "New Element Mendelevium, Atomic Number 101." Physical Review, volume 98, number 5, 1955, pp. 1518–1519. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.98.1518

Ghiorso, A., J. M. Nitschke, J. R. Alonso, C. T. Alonso, M. Nurmia, G. T. Seaborg, E. K. Hulet, and R. W. Lougheed. "Element 106." Physical Review Letters, volume 33, number 25, 1974, pp. 1490–1493. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1490

Ghiorso, A., M. Nurmia, J. Harris, K. Eskola, and P. Eskola. "Positive Identification of Two Alpha-Particle-Emitting Isotopes of Element 104." Physical Review Letters, volume 22, number 24, 1969, pp. 1317–1320. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.22.1317

Ghiorso, A., S. G. Thompson, G. H. Higgins, G. T. Seaborg, M. H. Studier, P. R. Fields, S. M. Fried, H. Diamond, J. F. Mech, G. L. Pyle, J. R. Huizenga, A. Hirsch, W. M. Manning, C. I. Browne, H. L. Smith, and R. W. Spence. "New Elements Einsteinium and Fermium, Atomic Numbers 99 and 100." Physical Review, volume 99, number 3, 1955, pp. 1048–1049. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.99.1048

Ghiorso, A., T. Sikkeland, J. R. Walton, and G. T. Seaborg. "Element No. 102." Physical Review Letters, volume 1, number 1, 1958, pp. 18–21. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.1.18

Ghiorso, Albert, Matti Nurmia, Kari Eskola, James Harris, and Pirkko Eskola. "New Element Hahnium, Atomic Number 105." Physical Review Letters, volume 24, number 26, 1970, pp. 1498–1503. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.24.1498

Ghiorso, Albert, Matti Nurmia, Kari Eskola, James Harris, and Pirkko Eskola. "New Element Hahnium, Atomic Number 105." Physical Review Letters, volume 24, number 26, 1970, pp. 1498–1503. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.24.1498

Ghiorso, Albert, Torbjørn Sikkeland, Almon E. Larsh, and Robert M. Latimer. "New Element, Lawrencium, Atomic Number 103." Physical Review Letters, volume 6, number 9, 1961, pp. 473–475. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.6.473

Hoffman, Darleane C., Albert Ghiorso, and Glenn T. Seaborg. The Transuranium People: The Inside Story. London, England: Imperial College Press, 2000.

Ihde, Aaron J. The Development of Modern Chemistry. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1984.

Jensen, William B. "Why Helium Ends in “-ium”." Journal of Chemical Education, volume 81, number 7, 2004, p. 944. doi:10.1021/ed081p944

Marshall, James L. Discovery of the Elements: A Search for the Fundamental Principles of the Universe, 2nd edition. Boston, MA: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2002.

Nobel Foundation. Glenn T. Seaborg: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1951/seaborg-bio.html. Accessed on July 1, 2009.

Nobel Foundation. Sir William Ramsay: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1904/ramsay-bio.html. Accessed on July 16, 2009.

Oganessian, Yu. Ts., F. Sh. Abdullin, S. N. Dmitriev, J. M. Gostic, J. H. Hamilton, R. A. Henderson, M. G. Itkis, K. J. Moody, A. N. Polyakov, A. V. Ramayya, J. B. Roberto, K. P. Rykaczewski, R. N. Sagaidak, D. A. Shaughnessy, I. V. Shirokovsky, M. A. Stoyer, N. J. Stoyer, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, Yu. S. Tsyganov, V. K. Utyonkov, A. A. Voinov, and G. K. Vostokin. "Investigation of the 243Am+48Ca reaction products previously observed in the experiments on elements 113, 115, and 117." Physical Review C, volume 87, number 1, 2013, pp. 014302–1 to 014302–10. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.87.014302

Oganessian, Yu. Ts., F. Sh. Abdullin, S. N. Dmitriev, M. G. Itkis, Yu. V. Lobanov, A. N. Mezentsev, A. N. Polyakov, R. N. Sagaidak, I. V. Shirokovsky, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, Yu. S. Tsyganov, V. K. Utyonkov, A. A. Voinov, G. K. Vostokin, P. D. Bailey, D. E. Benker, J. G. Ezold, C. E. Porter, F. D. Riley, J. B. Roberto, K. P. Rykaczewski, M. E. Bennett, R. Sudowe, J. H. Hamilton, A.V. Ramayya, R. A. Henderson, K. J. Moody, S. L. Nelson, D. A. Shaughnessy, M. A. Stoyer, P. A. Wilk, and M. A. Ryabinin. "Synthesis of a New Element with Atomic Number Z=117." Physical Review Letters, volume 104, number 14, 2010, pp. 142502–1 to 142502–4. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.142502

Oganessian, Yu. Ts., V. K. Utyonkov, and K. J. Moody. "Synthesis of 292116 in the 248Cm+48Ca Reaction." Physics of Atomic Nuclei, volume 64, number 8, 2001, pp. 1349–1355. doi:10.1134/1.1398925

Oganessian, Yu. Ts., V. K. Utyonkov, Yu. V. Lobanov, F. Sh. Abdullin, A. N. Polyakov, I. V. Shirokovsky, Yu. S. Tsyganov, G. G. Gulbekian, S. L. Bogomolov, B. N. Gikal, A. N. Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, A. A. Voinov, G. V. Buklanov, K. Subotic, V. I. Zagrebaev, M. G. Itkis, J. B. Patin, K. J. Moody, J. F. Wild, M. A. Stoyer, N. J. Stoyer, D. A. Shaughnessy, J. M. Kenneally, and R. W. Lougheed. "Measurements of cross sections for the fusion-evaporation reactions 244Pu(48Ca,xn)292−x 114 and 245Cm(48Ca,xn)293−x 116." Physical Review C, volume 69, number 5, 2004, pp. 054607–1 to 054607–9. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054607

Oganessian, Yu. Ts., V. K. Utyonkov, Yu. V. Lobanov, F. Sh. Abdullin, A. N. Polyakov, I. V. Shirokovsky, Yu. S. Tsyganov, G. G. Gulbekian, S. L. Bogomolov, B. N. Gikal, A. N. Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, A. A. Voinov, G. V. Buklanov, K. Subotic, V. I. Zagrebaev, M. G. Itkis, J. B. Patin, K. J. Moody, J. F. Wild, M. A. Stoyer, N. J. Stoyer, D. A. Shaughnessy, J. M. Kenneally, P. A. Wilk, R. W. Lougheed, R. I. Il’kaev, and S. P. Vesnovskii. "Measurements of cross sections and decay properties of the isotopes of elements 112, 114, and 116 produced in the fusion reactions 233,238U,242Pu, and 248Cm + 48Ca." Physical Review C, volume 70, number 6, 2004, pp. 064609–1 to 064609–14. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.70.064609

Oganessian, Yu. Ts., V. K. Utyonkov, Yu. V. Lobanov, F. Sh. Abdullin, A. N. Polyakov, I. V. Shirokovsky, Yu. S. Tsyganov, G. G. Gulbekian, S. L. Bogomolov, B. N. Gikal, A. N. Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, O. V. Ivanov, G. V. Buklanov, K. Subotic, M. G. Itkis, K. J. Moody, J. F. Wild, N. J. Stoyer, M. A. Stoyer, and R. W. Lougheed. "Synthesis of Superheavy Nuclei in the 48Ca+244Pu Reaction: 288114." Physical Review C, volume 62, number 4, 2000, pp. 041604–1 to 041604–4. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.62.041604

Oganessian, Yu. Ts., V. K. Utyonkov, Yu. V. Lobanov, F. Sh. Abdullin, A. N. Polyakov, I. V. Shirokovsky, Yu. S. Tsyganov, G. G. Gulbekian, S. L. Bogomolov, B. N. Gikal, A. N. Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, O. V. Ivanov, G. V. Buklanov, K. Subotic, M. G. Itkis, K. J. Moody, J. F. Wild, N. J. Stoyer, M. A. Stoyer, R. W. Lougheed, C. A. Laue, Ye. A. Karelin, and A. N. Tatarinov. "Observation of the decay of 292116." Physical Review C, volume 63, number 1, 2001, pp. 011301–1 to 011301–2. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.63.011301

Oganessian, Yu. Ts., V. K. Utyonkov, Yu. V. Lobanov, F. Sh. Abdullin, A. N. Polyakov, R. N. Sagaidak, I. V. Shirokovsky, Yu. S. Tsyganov, A. A. Voinov, G. G. Gulbekian, S. L. Bogomolov, B. N. Gikal, A. N. Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, K. Subotic, V. I. Zagrebaev, G. K. Vostokin, M. G. Itkis, K. J. Moody, J. B. Patin, D. A. Shaughnessy, M. A. Stoyer, N. J. Stoyer, P. A. Wilk, J. M. Kenneally, J. H. Landrum, J. F. Wild, and R. W. Lougheed. "Synthesis of the isotopes of elements 118 and 116 in the 249Cf and 245Cm + 48Ca fusion reactions." Physical Review C, volume 74, number 4, 2006, pp. 044602–1 to 044602–9. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.74.044602

Oganessian, Yu. Ts., V. K. Utyonkov, Yu. V. Lobanov, F. Sh. Abdullin, A. N. Polyakov, R. N. Sagaidak, I. V. Shirokovsky, Yu. S. Tsyganov, A. A. Voinov, G. G. Gulbekian, S. L. Bogomolov, B. N. Gikal, A. N. Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, K. Subotic, V. I. Zagrebaev, G. K. Vostokin, M. G. Itkis, K. J. Moody, J. B. Patin, D. A. Shaughnessy, M. A. Stoyer, N. J. Stoyer, P. A. Wilk, J. M. Kenneally, J. H. Landrum, J. F. Wild, and R. W. Lougheed. "Synthesis of the Isotopes of Elements 118 and 116 in the 249Cf and 245Cm+48Ca Fusion Reactions." Physical Review C, volume 74, number 4, 2006, pp. 044602–1 to 044602–9. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.74.044602

Oganessian, Yu. Ts., V. K. Utyonkoy, Yu. V. Lobanov, F. Sh. Abdullin, A. N. Polyakov, I. V. Shirokovsky, Yu. S. Tsyganov, G. G. Gulbekian, S. L. Bogomolov, A. N. Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V. G. Subbotin, A. M. Sukhov, A. A. Voinov, G. V. Buklanov, K. Subotic, V. I. Zagrebaev, M. G. Itkis, J. B. Patin, K. J. Moody, J. F. Wild, M. A. Stoyer, N. J. Stoyer, D. A. Shaughnessy, J. M. Kenneally, and R. W. Lougheed. "Experiments on the Synthesis of Element 115 in the Reaction 243Am(48Ca,xn)291-x115." Physical Review C, volume 69, number 2, 2004, pp. 021601–1 to 021601–5. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.69.021601

Öhrström, Lars, and Jan Reedijk. "Names and symbols of the elements with atomic numbers 113, 115, 117 and 118 (IUPAC Recommendations 2016)." Pure and Applied Chemistry, volume 88, number 12, 2016, pp. 1225–1229. doi:10.1515/pac-2016-0501

Perrier, C., and E. Segrè. "Some Chemical Properties of Element 43." Journal of Chemical Physics, volume 5, number 9, 1937, pp. 712–716. doi:10.1063/1.1750105

Quadbeck-Seeger, Hans-Jürgen. World of the Elements: Elements of the World. Translated by José Oliveira. Bad Dürkheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2007.

Seaborg, Glenn T., and Walter D. Loveland. The Elements Beyond Uranium. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1990.

Thompson, S. G., A. Ghiorso, and G. T. Seaborg. "The New Element Berkelium (Atomic Number 97)." Physical Review, volume 80, number 5, 1950, pp. 781–789. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.80.781

Thompson, S. G., K. Street, Jr., A. Ghiorso, and G. T. Seaborg. "The New Element Californium (Atomic Number 98)." Physical Review, volume 80, number 5, 1950, pp. 790–796. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.80.790

Weeks, Mary Elvira, and Henry M. Leicester. Discovery of the Elements, 7th edition. Easton, PA: Journal of Chemical Education, 1968.

Weeks, Mary Elvira. "The Scientific Contributions of the de Elhuyar Brothers." Journal of Chemical Education, volume 11, number 7, 1934, pp. 413–419. doi:10.1021/ed011p413

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