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Strontium

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Strontium Quick Reference

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Notes

Symbol

Sr

Atomic Number

38

Atomic Weight

Rounded

87.62

for regular calculations

Standard

87.62 ± 0.01

for precise calculations

Oxidation States

2

Pauling Electronegativity

0.95

Electron Configuration

Orbital Occupancy

[Kr] 5s2

[Kr] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of krypton

Orbital Filling Order

[Kr] 5s2

[Kr] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of krypton

Term Symbol

1S0

see expanded configuration ...

Ionization Energies

I   (1)

 5.69485 eV          

II  (2)

11.03019 ± 0.00012 eV

III (3)

42.88353 ± 0.00018 eV

IV  (4)

56.279 ± 0.003 eV    

see all 38 energies ...

Electron Affinity

0.05206 ± 0.00006 eV

  419.9 ± 0.5 cm-1  

Density

liquid, 1050.15 K

2.375 g/ml 

solid, 25 °C

2.640 g/cm3

Molar Volume

solid, 298 K, 1 atm

33.94 cm3/mol

Melting Point

1 bar

1050 ± 10 K

Boiling Point

1 atm

1655.15 K

Thermal Conductivity

solid

400 K, polycrystalline

31.7 W/(m K)

estimated

300 K, polycrystalline

35.3 W/(m K)

estimated

298.2 K, polycrystalline

35.4 W/(m K)

estimated

273.2 K, polycrystalline

36.4 W/(m K)

estimated

200 K, polycrystalline

40.5 W/(m K)

estimated

see all 14 conductivities ...

Pyykkö Covalent Radius

single bond

185 pm

double bond

157 pm

triple bond

139 pm

Atomic Radius

215 pm

Enthalpy of Fusion

1 atm

6.16 kJ/mol

Enthalpy of Vaporization

1 atm

138.91 kJ/mol

Quantity

Strontium Atomic Structure

Notes

Ionization Energies

I   (1)

 5.69485 eV          

II  (2)

11.03019 ± 0.00012 eV

III (3)

42.88353 ± 0.00018 eV

IV  (4)

56.279 ± 0.003 eV    

see all 38 energies ...

Electron Affinity

0.05206 ± 0.00006 eV

  419.9 ± 0.5 cm-1  

Electron Binding Energies

K    (1s)

16105 eV  

LI   (2s)

 2216 eV  

LII  (2p1/2)

 2007 eV  

LIII (2p3/2)

 1940 eV  

see all 12 energies ...

Electron Configuration

Orbital Occupancy

[Kr] 5s2

[Kr] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of krypton

Orbital Filling Order

[Kr] 5s2

[Kr] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of krypton

Term Symbol

1S0

see expanded configuration ...

Clementi-Raimondi Effective Nuclear Charge

1s

Orbital Exponent

37.1911

ζ

Principle Quantum Number

1

n

Effective Nuclear Charge

37.1911

Zeff = ζ × n

2s

Orbital Exponent

13.9509

ζ

Principle Quantum Number

2

n

Effective Nuclear Charge

27.9018

Zeff = ζ × n

see all 9 effective nuclear charges ...

Screening Percentage

92.5%

Fluorescence Yields

ωK

0.696 

ωL1

0.0051

ωL2

0.024 

ωL3

0.026 

Coster-Kronig Yields

F12

0.27 

F13

0.52 

F23

0.087

Quantity

Strontium Physical Properties

Notes

Density

liquid, 1050.15 K

2.375 g/ml 

solid, 25 °C

2.640 g/cm3

Molar Mass

Rounded

87.62 g/mol

for regular calculations

Standard

87.62 ± 0.01 g/mol

for precise calculations

Molar Volume

solid, 298 K, 1 atm

33.94 cm3/mol

Physical Form

silvery-white metal

Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient

25 °C

22.5×10-6 K-1

Young's Modulus

15.7 GPa

Poisson's Ratio

0.280

Electrical Resistivity

α-strontium, solid

200 K

9.04×10-8 Ohm m

273.15 K

12.3×10-8 Ohm m

293 K

13.2×10-8 Ohm m

300 K

13.5×10-8 Ohm m

400 K

17.8×10-8 Ohm m

see all 46 resistivities ...

Photoelectric Work Function

2.74 eV

Superconducting Transition Temperature

50 GPa

7 K

maximum temperature

Mineralogical Hardness

1.5

Isothermal Bulk Modulus

300 K

11.6 GPa

Isothermal Compressibility

300 K

0.0862 GPa-1

Gram Atomic Volume

34 cm3

Quantity

Strontium Atomic Interaction

Notes

Oxidation States

2

Pauling Electronegativity

0.95

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

hybridsp

1.00

Sanderson Electronegativity

0.721

Allred-Rochow Electronegativity

0.99

Configuration Energy

electron volt units

5.695 eV

Pauling units

0.963   

Allen Electronegativity

0.963

Allred Electronegativity

oxidation state: 2

0.95

Ghosh-Gupta Electronegativity

2.5849 eV

Nagle Electronegativity

1.06

Pearson Absolute Electronegativity

2.0 eV

Smith Electronegativity

oxidation state: 2

1.0

Free Electron Fermi Surface Parameters

300 K

electron concentration

3.56×1022 cm-3

radius parameter

3.56

fermi wavevector

1.02×108 cm-1

fermi velocity

1.18×108 cm/s

fermi energy

3.95 eV

fermi temperature

4.58×104 K

Chemical Hardness

3.7 eV

Cohesive Energy

per mole

166 kJ/mol    

per atom

  1.72 eV/atom

Quantity

Strontium Thermodynamics

Notes

Melting Point

1 bar

1050 ± 10 K

Boiling Point

1 atm

1655.15 K

Thermal Conductivity

solid

400 K, polycrystalline

31.7 W/(m K)

estimated

300 K, polycrystalline

35.3 W/(m K)

estimated

298.2 K, polycrystalline

35.4 W/(m K)

estimated

273.2 K, polycrystalline

36.4 W/(m K)

estimated

200 K, polycrystalline

40.5 W/(m K)

estimated

see all 14 conductivities ...

Critical Point

3059 K

Vapor Pressure

1373 °C

100 kPa

1072 °C

10 kPa

866 °C

1 kPa

see all 15 pressures ...

Enthalpy of Fusion

1 atm

6.16 kJ/mol

Enthalpy of Vaporization

1 atm

138.91 kJ/mol

Isobaric Molar Heat Capacity

298.15 K, 1 bar

26.79 J/(mol K)

Isobaric Specific Heat Capacity

298.15 K, 1 bar

0.306 J/(g K)

Electronic Heat Capacity Coefficient

3.64 mJ/(mol K2)

Debye Temperature

Low Temperature Limit ( 0 K )

147 K

Room Temperature ( 298 K )

148 K

Quantity

Strontium Identification

Notes

CAS Number

7440-24-6

ICSC Number

powder

1534

RTECS Number

WK7700000

Quantity

Strontium Atomic Size

Notes

Atomic Radius

215 pm

Orbital Radius

183.6 pm

Pyykkö Covalent Radius

single bond

185 pm

double bond

157 pm

triple bond

139 pm

Cordero Covalent Radius

195 pm

Shannon-Prewitt Crystal Radius

ion charge: +2

coordination number: 6

132 pm

coordination number: 7

135 pm

coordination number: 8

140 pm

coordination number: 9

145 pm

coordination number: 10

150 pm

coordination number: 12

158 pm

Shannon-Prewitt Effective Ionic Radius

ion charge: +2

coordination number: 6

118 pm

coordination number: 7

121 pm

coordination number: 8

126 pm

coordination number: 9

131 pm

coordination number: 10

136 pm

coordination number: 12

144 pm

Pauling Empirical Crystal Radius

ion charge: +2

113 pm

Pauling Univalent Radius

ion charge: +1

132 pm

Batsanov Crystallographic Van Der Waals Radius

255 pm

Batsanov Equilibrium Van Der Waals Radius

294 pm

Slater Atomic-Ionic Radius

200 pm

Quantity

Strontium Crystal Structure

Notes

Allotropes

allotrope

α-strontium

symbol

αSr

allotrope

β-strontium

symbol

βSr

allotrope

β'-strontium

symbol

β'Sr

alternate symbol

Sr-II

Nearest Neighbor Distance

300 K, 1 atm

430 pm

Atomic Concentration

300 K, 1 atm

1.78×1022 cm-3

Quantity

Strontium History

Notes

Discovery

date of discovery

1808

discoverer

Humphry Davy

birth

December 17, 1778

death

May 29, 1829

location of discovery

London, England

Origin of Element Name

origin

Strontian

origin description

place—A city in Scotland

Origin of Element Symbol

symbol: Sr

origin

strontium

origin description

element name

Quantity

Strontium Abundances

Notes

Earth's Crust

3.70×102 ppm

Earth's Mantle

20.3 ppm

primitive mantle

Bulk Earth

13 ppm

Ocean Water

8.5 ppm

Metalliferous Ocean Sediment

Basal

351 ppm

River Water

0.050 ppm

U.S. Coal

130 ppm

Human Body

320 mg

based on a 70 kg "reference man"

Human Bone

36 ppm to 140 ppm

Human Hair

0.05 ppm to 0.9 ppm

Human Kidney

0.15 ppm to 1.5 ppm

Human Liver

0.05 ppm to 0.36 ppm

Human Muscle

0.12 ppm to 0.35 ppm

Human Nail

0.02 ppm to 0.65 ppm

Ferns

13 ppm

Solar System

23.5

number of atoms for every 106 atoms of silicon

Sun

2.92 ± 0.05

base 10 log of the number of atoms for every 1012 atoms of hydrogen

Meteorites

2.89 ± 0.02

base 10 log of the number of atoms for every 1012 atoms of hydrogen

Quantity

Strontium Nomenclature

Notes

Element Names in Other Languages

French

strontium

German

Strontium

Italian

stronzio

Spanish

estroncio

Portuguese

estrôncio

Anions or Anionic Substituent Groups

strontide

Cations or Cationic Substituent Groups

strontium

Ligands

strontido

Heteroatomic Anion

strontate

'a' Term—Substitutive Nomenclature

stronta

'y' Term—Chains and Rings Nomenclature

stronty

References    (Click the button next to a value above to see complete citation information for that entry)

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