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Terbium

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Terbium Quick Reference

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Notes

Symbol

Tb

Atomic Number

65

Atomic Weight

Rounded

158.93

for regular calculations

Standard

158.925354 ± 0.000007

for precise calculations

Oxidation States

4

less common

3

more common

1

less common

Electron Configuration

Orbital Occupancy

[Xe] 4f9 6s2

[Xe] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of xenon

Orbital Filling Order

[Xe] 6s2 4f9

[Xe] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of xenon

Term Symbol

6H15/2

see expanded configuration ...

Ionization Energies

I   (1)

 5.8638 eV     

II  (2)

11.52 eV       

III (3)

21.91 ± 0.10 eV

IV  (4)

39.37 ± 0.10 eV

Density

liquid, 1629.15 K

7.650 g/ml 

solid, 25 °C

8.230 g/cm3

Molar Volume

solid, 298 K, 1 atm

19.30 cm3/mol

Melting Point

1624 ± 5 K

Boiling Point

1 atm

3503.15 K

Thermal Conductivity

solid

300 K

polycrystalline

11.1 W/(m K) 

parallel to c-axis

14.8 W/(m K) 

perpendicular to c-axis

 9.59 W/(m K)

273.2 K

polycrystalline

10.4 W/(m K) 

parallel to c-axis

13.8 W/(m K) 

perpendicular to c-axis

 9.00 W/(m K)

see all 54 conductivities ...

Pyykkö Covalent Radius

single bond

168 pm

double bond

135 pm

Atomic Radius

176 pm

Enthalpy of Fusion

1 atm

16.3 kJ/mol

Enthalpy of Vaporization

1 atm

391 kJ/mol

Quantity

Terbium Atomic Structure

Notes

Ionization Energies

I   (1)

 5.8638 eV     

II  (2)

11.52 eV       

III (3)

21.91 ± 0.10 eV

IV  (4)

39.37 ± 0.10 eV

Electron Binding Energies

K    (1s)

51996 eV  

LI   (2s)

 8708 eV  

LII  (2p1/2)

 8252 eV  

LIII (2p3/2)

 7514 eV  

see all 19 energies ...

Electron Configuration

Orbital Occupancy

[Xe] 4f9 6s2

[Xe] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of xenon

Orbital Filling Order

[Xe] 6s2 4f9

[Xe] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of xenon

Term Symbol

6H15/2

see expanded configuration ...

Clementi-Raimondi Effective Nuclear Charge

1s

Orbital Exponent

63.7261

ζ

Principle Quantum Number

1

n

Effective Nuclear Charge

63.7261

Zeff = ζ × n

2s

Orbital Exponent

23.9861

ζ

Principle Quantum Number

2

n

Effective Nuclear Charge

47.9722

Zeff = ζ × n

see all 13 effective nuclear charges ...

Screening Percentage

91.3%

Fluorescence Yields

ωK

0.935

ωL1

0.107

ωL2

0.186

ωL3

0.175

Coster-Kronig Yields

F12

0.182

F13

0.285

F23

0.148

Quantity

Terbium Physical Properties

Notes

Density

liquid, 1629.15 K

7.650 g/ml 

solid, 25 °C

8.230 g/cm3

Molar Mass

Rounded

158.93 g/mol

for regular calculations

Standard

158.925354 ± 0.000007 g/mol

for precise calculations

Molar Volume

solid, 298 K, 1 atm

19.30 cm3/mol

Physical Form

silvery metal

Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient

25 °C

10.3×10-6 K-1

Speed of Sound

solid, 293 K

2620 m/s

calculated value

Young's Modulus

α-terbium

55.7 GPa

Poisson's Ratio

α-terbium

0.261

Electrical Resistivity

solid, 295 K

111×10-8 Ohm m

Vickers Hardness

cast, 293 K

863 MN/m2

Isothermal Bulk Modulus

300 K

39.9 GPa

Isothermal Compressibility

300 K

0.0251 GPa-1

Gram Atomic Volume

19 cm3

Quantity

Terbium Atomic Interaction

Notes

Oxidation States

4

less common

3

more common

1

less common

Allred-Rochow Electronegativity

1.10

Nagle Electronegativity

1.08

Smith Electronegativity

oxidation state: 4

1.7

oxidation state: 3

1.25

Cohesive Energy

per mole

391 kJ/mol    

per atom

  4.05 eV/atom

Quantity

Terbium Thermodynamics

Notes

Melting Point

1624 ± 5 K

Boiling Point

1 atm

3503.15 K

Thermal Conductivity

solid

300 K

polycrystalline

11.1 W/(m K) 

parallel to c-axis

14.8 W/(m K) 

perpendicular to c-axis

 9.59 W/(m K)

273.2 K

polycrystalline

10.4 W/(m K) 

parallel to c-axis

13.8 W/(m K) 

perpendicular to c-axis

 9.00 W/(m K)

see all 54 conductivities ...

Critical Point

8470 K

Vapor Pressure

3218 °C

100 kPa

2640 °C

10 kPa

2232 °C

1 kPa

1928 °C

100 Pa

1706.1 °C

10 Pa

1516.1 °C

1 Pa

Curie Point

221 K

Neel Point

230 K

Enthalpy of Fusion

1 atm

16.3 kJ/mol

Enthalpy of Vaporization

1 atm

391 kJ/mol

Isobaric Molar Heat Capacity

298.15 K, 1 bar

28.91 J/(mol K)

Isobaric Specific Heat Capacity

298.15 K, 1 bar

0.182 J/(g K)

Electronic Heat Capacity Coefficient

4.1 mJ/(mol K2)

Debye Temperature

Low Temperature Limit ( 0 K )

176 K

Room Temperature ( 298 K )

158 K

Quantity

Terbium Identification

Notes

CAS Number

7440-27-9

Quantity

Terbium Atomic Size

Notes

Atomic Radius

176 pm

Orbital Radius

177.5 pm

Pyykkö Covalent Radius

single bond

168 pm

double bond

135 pm

Cordero Covalent Radius

194 pm

Shannon-Prewitt Crystal Radius

ion charge: +3

coordination number: 6

106.3 pm

coordination number: 7

112 pm  

coordination number: 8

118.0 pm

coordination number: 9

123.5 pm

ion charge: +4

coordination number: 6

 90 pm  

coordination number: 8

102 pm  

Shannon-Prewitt Effective Ionic Radius

ion charge: +3

coordination number: 6

 92.3 pm

coordination number: 7

 98 pm  

coordination number: 8

104.0 pm

coordination number: 9

109.5 pm

ion charge: +4

coordination number: 6

 76 pm  

coordination number: 8

 88 pm  

Pauling Empirical Crystal Radius

ion charge: +3

100 pm

Slater Atomic-Ionic Radius

175 pm

Quantity

Terbium Crystal Structure

Notes

Allotropes

allotrope

α'-terbium

symbol

α'Tb

allotrope

α-terbium

symbol

αTb

allotrope

β-terbium

symbol

βTb

allotrope

γ-terbium

symbol

γTb

alternate symbol

Tb-II

Nearest Neighbor Distance

300 K, 1 atm

352 pm

Atomic Concentration

300 K, 1 atm

3.22×1022 cm-3

Quantity

Terbium History

Notes

Discovery

date of discovery

1843

discoverer

Carl Gustav Mosander

birth

September 10, 1797

death

October 15, 1858

location of discovery

Stockholm, Sweden

Origin of Element Name

origin

Ytterby

origin description

place—A city in Sweden

Origin of Element Symbol

symbol: Tb

origin

terbium

origin description

element name

Quantity

Terbium Abundances

Notes

Earth's Crust

1.2 ppm

Earth's Mantle

105 ppb

primitive mantle

Bulk Earth

0.067 ppm

Ocean Water

1.4×10-7 ppm

U.S. Coal

0.30 ppm

Solar System

0.0603

number of atoms for every 106 atoms of silicon

Sun

-0.1 ± 0.3

base 10 log of the number of atoms for every 1012 atoms of hydrogen

Meteorites

0.34 ± 0.04

base 10 log of the number of atoms for every 1012 atoms of hydrogen

Quantity

Terbium Nomenclature

Notes

Element Names in Other Languages

French

terbium

German

Terbium

Italian

terbio

Spanish

terbio

Portuguese

térbio

Anions or Anionic Substituent Groups

terbide

Cations or Cationic Substituent Groups

terbium

Ligands

terbido

Heteroatomic Anion

terbate

'a' Term—Substitutive Nomenclature

terba

'y' Term—Chains and Rings Nomenclature

terby

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