Ionization Energies

Ionization Energies Navigation

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Rubidium to Technetium

Element

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Rubidium

I (1)

4.177128 ± 0.000001 eV

II (2)

27.2898 ± 0.0001 eV

III (3)

39.0 ± 0.3 eV

IV (4)

52.2 ± 0.2 eV

V (5)

68.5 eV

VI (6)

82.4 eV

VII (7)

97.43 ± 0.04 eV

VIII (8)

132.79 ± 0.25 eV

IX (9)

150.63 ± 0.02 eV

X (10)

277 eV

XI (11)

315 eV

XII (12)

366 ± 18 eV

XIII (13)

418 ± 21 eV

XIV (14)

470 ± 24 eV

XV (15)

521 ± 26 eV

XVI (16)

575 ± 29 eV

XVII (17)

600.5 eV

XVIII (18)

679 ± 34 eV

XIX (19)

732 ± 37 eV

XX (20)

857 ± 3 eV

XXI (21)

905.3 ± 1.0 eV

XXII (22)

958.9 ± 1.4 eV

XXIII (23)

1024 ± 4 eV

XXIV (24)

1080 ± 3 eV

XXV (25)

1125 ± 5 eV

XXVI (26)

1242.5 ± 1.7 eV

XXVII (27)

1294.57 ± 0.04 eV

XXVIII (28)

3133.3 ± 1.8 eV

XXIX (29)

3281 ± 6 eV

XXX (30)

3443 ± 8 eV

XXXI (31)

3600 ± 30 eV

XXXII (32)

3815 ± 4 eV

XXXIII (33)

3988 ± 3 eV

XXXIV (34)

4214 ± 4 eV

XXXV (35)

4356 ± 8 eV

XXXVI (36)

18305.716 eV

XXXVII (37)

18965.0 ± 0.4 eV

Samarium

I (1)

5.6437 eV

II (2)

11.07 eV

III (3)

23.4 ± 0.3 eV

IV (4)

41.4 ± 0.7 eV

Scandium

I (1)

6.56149 eV

II (2)

12.79977 eV

III (3)

24.75685 ± 0.00002 eV

IV (4)

73.4900 ± 0.0004 eV

V (5)

91.65 ± 0.12 eV

VI (6)

110.68 ± 0.05 eV

VII (7)

138.0 ± 0.2 eV

VIII (8)

158.1 ± 0.2 eV

IX (9)

180.03 ± 0.12 eV

X (10)

225.18 ± 0.05 eV

XI (11)

249.800 ± 0.012 eV

XII (12)

687.36 ± 0.12 eV

XIII (13)

756.7 ± 1.5 eV

XIV (14)

830.8 ± 1.6 eV

XV (15)

927.5 ± 2.0 eV

XVI (16)

1009 ± 2 eV

XVII (17)

1094 ± 2 eV

XVIII (18)

1213 ± 2 eV

XIX (19)

1287.98 ± 0.37 eV

XX (20)

5674.8 ± 1.0 eV

XXI (21)

6033.758 ± 0.003 eV

Selenium

I (1)

9.75239 eV

II (2)

21.19 eV

III (3)

30.8204 eV

IV (4)

42.9450 eV

V (5)

68.3 eV

VI (6)

81.70 eV

VII (7)

155.4 eV

Silicon

I (1)

8.15168 eV

II (2)

16.34584 eV

III (3)

33.49327 ± 0.00012 eV

IV (4)

45.14215 ± 0.00014 eV

V (5)

166.769 ± 0.003 eV

VI (6)

205.27 eV

VII (7)

246.5 eV

VIII (8)

303.54 eV

IX (9)

351.12 eV

X (10)

401.37 eV

XI (11)

476.36 eV

XII (12)

523.42 eV

XIII (13)

2437.63 eV

XIV (14)

2673.182 eV

Sodium

I (1)

5.1390764 ± 0.0000003 eV

II (2)

47.2867 ± 0.0003 eV

III (3)

71.6205 ± 0.0012 eV

IV (4)

98.92 eV

V (5)

138.40 ± 0.01 eV

VI (6)

172.18 ± 0.05 eV

VII (7)

208.51 ± 0.03 eV

VIII (8)

264.25 ± 0.03 eV

IX (9)

299.867 eV

X (10)

1465.13435 ± 0.00003 eV

XI (11)

1648.7020 ± 0.0001 eV

Strontium

I (1)

5.69485 eV

II (2)

11.0301 eV

III (3)

42.89 eV

IV (4)

57 eV

V (5)

71.6 eV

VI (6)

90.8 eV

VII (7)

106 eV

VIII (8)

122.3 eV

IX (9)

162 eV

X (10)

177 eV

XI (11)

324.1 eV

Sulfur

I (1)

10.36001 eV

II (2)

23.33788 eV

III (3)

34.79 eV

IV (4)

47.222 ± 0.012 eV

V (5)

72.5945 ± 0.0004 eV

VI (6)

88.0530 ± 0.0004 eV

VII (7)

280.948 ± 0.012 eV

VIII (8)

328.74 eV

IX (9)

379.55 eV

X (10)

447.5 eV

XI (11)

504.8 eV

XII (12)

564.44 eV

XIII (13)

652.2 eV

XIV (14)

707.01 eV

XV (15)

3223.78 ± 0.05 eV

XVI (16)

3494.1892 ± 0.0010 eV

References (Click the next to a value above to see complete citation information for that entry)

Kaufman, V., and J. Sugar. "Wavelengths and Energy Level Classifications of Scandium Spectra for All Stages of Ionization." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, volume 17, number 4, 1988, pp. 1679–1789.

Kaufman, Victor, and W. C. Martin. "Wavelengths and Energy Level Classifications for the Spectra of Sulfur (S I through S XVI)." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, volume 22, number 2, 1993, pp. 279–375.

Lide, David R., editor. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 88th edition. Boca Raton, Florida: Taylor & Francis Group, 2008.

Martin, W. C., and Romuald Zalubas. "Energy Levels of Silicon, Si I through Si XIV." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, volume 12, number 2, 1983, pp. 323–380.

Martin, W. C., Romuald Zalubas, and Lucy Hagan. Atomic Energy Levels—The Rare-Earth Elements. Washington, D.C.: National Bureau of Standards, 1978.

Moore, Charlotte E. Ionization Potentials and Ionization Limits Derived from the Analyses of Optical Spectra. Washington, D.C.: National Bureau of Standards, 1970.

Podobedova, L. I., A. Musgrove, D. E. Kelleher, J. Reader, and W. L. Wiese. "Atomic Spectral Tables for the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. Part I S VIII–S XIV." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, volume 32, number 4, 2003, pp. 1367–1386. doi:10.1063/1.1539857

Podobedova, L. I., D. E. Kelleher, J. Reader, and W. L. Wiese. "Atomic Spectral Tables for the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. Part II. Si VI–Si XII." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, volume 33, number 2, 2004, pp. 471–494. doi:10.1063/1.1637922

Sansonetti, J. E. "Wavelengths, Transition Probabilities, and Energy Levels for the Spectra of Sodium (Na I–Na XI)." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, volume 37, number 4, 2008, pp. 1659–1763. doi:10.1063/1.2943652

Sansonetti, J. E. "Wavelengths, Transition Probabilities, and Energy Levels for the Spectra of Rubidium (Rb I through Rb XXXVII)." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, volume 35, number 1, 2006, pp. 301–421. doi:10.1063/1.2035727

Sansonetti, J. E., and W. C. Martin. "Handbook of Basic Atomic Spectroscopic Data." Journal Of Physical And Chemical Reference Data, volume 34, number 4, 2005, pp. 1559–2259. doi:10.1063/1.1800011

Seaborg, Glenn T., and Walter D. Loveland. The Elements Beyond Uranium. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1990.