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Ytterbium

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Ytterbium Quick Reference

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Notes

Symbol

Yb

Atomic Number

70

Atomic Weight

Rounded

173.05

for regular calculations

Standard

173.045 ± 0.010

for precise calculations

Oxidation States

3

more common

2

less common

Electron Configuration

Orbital Occupancy

[Xe] 4f14 6s2

[Xe] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of xenon

Orbital Filling Order

[Xe] 6s2 4f14

[Xe] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of xenon

Term Symbol

1S0

see expanded configuration ...

Ionization Energies

I   (1)

 6.25416 eV    

II  (2)

12.176 eV      

III (3)

25.05 ± 0.03 eV

IV  (4)

43.56 ± 0.10 eV

Electron Affinity

-0.020 eV

Density

liquid, 1092.15 K

6.210 g/ml 

solid, 25 °C

6.900 g/cm3

Molar Volume

solid, 298 K, 1 atm

24.84 cm3/mol

Melting Point

1091 ± 10 K

Boiling Point

1 atm

1469.15 K

Thermal Conductivity

solid

400 K

34.1 W/(m K)

estimated

300 K

34.9 W/(m K)

estimated

298.2 K

34.9 W/(m K)

estimated

273.2 K

35.4 W/(m K)

estimated

200 K

38.4 W/(m K)

estimated

see all 15 conductivities ...

Pyykkö Covalent Radius

single bond

170 pm

double bond

129 pm

Atomic Radius

194 pm

Enthalpy of Fusion

1 atm

9.2 kJ/mol

Enthalpy of Vaporization

1 atm

159 kJ/mol

Quantity

Ytterbium Atomic Structure

Notes

Ionization Energies

I   (1)

 6.25416 eV    

II  (2)

12.176 eV      

III (3)

25.05 ± 0.03 eV

IV  (4)

43.56 ± 0.10 eV

Electron Affinity

-0.020 eV

Electron Binding Energies

K    (1s)

61332 eV  

LI   (2s)

10486 eV  

LII  (2p1/2)

 9978 eV  

LIII (2p3/2)

 8944 eV  

see all 19 energies ...

Electron Configuration

Orbital Occupancy

[Xe] 4f14 6s2

[Xe] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of xenon

Orbital Filling Order

[Xe] 6s2 4f14

[Xe] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of xenon

Term Symbol

1S0

see expanded configuration ...

Clementi-Raimondi Effective Nuclear Charge

1s

Orbital Exponent

68.6389

ζ

Principle Quantum Number

1

n

Effective Nuclear Charge

68.6389

Zeff = ζ × n

2s

Orbital Exponent

25.8470

ζ

Principle Quantum Number

2

n

Effective Nuclear Charge

51.6940

Zeff = ζ × n

see all 13 effective nuclear charges ...

Screening Percentage

89.7%

Fluorescence Yields

ωK

0.947

ωL1

0.134

ωL2

0.243

ωL3

0.222

Coster-Kronig Yields

F12

0.142

F13

0.312

F23

0.14 

Quantity

Ytterbium Physical Properties

Notes

Density

liquid, 1092.15 K

6.210 g/ml 

solid, 25 °C

6.900 g/cm3

Molar Mass

Rounded

173.05 g/mol

for regular calculations

Standard

173.045 ± 0.010 g/mol

for precise calculations

Molar Volume

solid, 298 K, 1 atm

24.84 cm3/mol

Physical Form

silvery metal

Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient

25 °C

26.3×10-6 K-1

Speed of Sound

solid, 293 K

1590 m/s

calculated value

Young's Modulus

23.9 GPa

Poisson's Ratio

0.207

Electrical Resistivity

solid, 295 K

26.4×10-8 Ohm m

Vickers Hardness

cast, 293 K

206 MN/m2

Isothermal Bulk Modulus

300 K

13.3 GPa

Isothermal Compressibility

300 K

0.0752 GPa-1

Gram Atomic Volume

25 cm3

Quantity

Ytterbium Atomic Interaction

Notes

Oxidation States

3

more common

2

less common

Allred-Rochow Electronegativity

1.06

Nagle Electronegativity

1.13

Smith Electronegativity

oxidation state: 3

1.25

oxidation state: 2

1.0

Cohesive Energy

per mole

154 kJ/mol    

per atom

  1.60 eV/atom

Quantity

Ytterbium Thermodynamics

Notes

Melting Point

1091 ± 10 K

Boiling Point

1 atm

1469.15 K

Thermal Conductivity

solid

400 K

34.1 W/(m K)

estimated

300 K

34.9 W/(m K)

estimated

298.2 K

34.9 W/(m K)

estimated

273.2 K

35.4 W/(m K)

estimated

200 K

38.4 W/(m K)

estimated

see all 15 conductivities ...

Critical Point

4420 K

Vapor Pressure

1192 °C

100 kPa

993 °C

10 kPa

774 °C

1 kPa

637 °C

100 Pa

540 °C

10 Pa

463 °C

1 Pa

Enthalpy of Fusion

1 atm

9.2 kJ/mol

Enthalpy of Vaporization

1 atm

159 kJ/mol

Isobaric Molar Heat Capacity

298.15 K, 1 bar

26.74 J/(mol K)

Isobaric Specific Heat Capacity

298.15 K, 1 bar

0.155 J/(g K)

Electronic Heat Capacity Coefficient

2.9 mJ/(mol K2)

Debye Temperature

Low Temperature Limit ( 0 K )

118 K

Quantity

Ytterbium Identification

Notes

CAS Number

7440-64-4

Quantity

Ytterbium Atomic Size

Notes

Atomic Radius

194 pm

Orbital Radius

165.8 pm

Pyykkö Covalent Radius

single bond

170 pm

double bond

129 pm

Cordero Covalent Radius

187 pm

Shannon-Prewitt Crystal Radius

ion charge: +2

coordination number: 6

116 pm  

coordination number: 7

122 pm  

coordination number: 8

128 pm  

ion charge: +3

coordination number: 6

100.8 pm

coordination number: 7

106.5 pm

coordination number: 8

112.5 pm

coordination number: 9

118.2 pm

Shannon-Prewitt Effective Ionic Radius

ion charge: +2

coordination number: 6

102 pm  

coordination number: 7

108 pm  

coordination number: 8

114 pm  

ion charge: +3

coordination number: 6

 86.8 pm

coordination number: 7

 92.5 pm

coordination number: 8

 98.5 pm

coordination number: 9

104.2 pm

Pauling Empirical Crystal Radius

ion charge: +3

 94 pm

ion charge: +2

113 pm

Slater Atomic-Ionic Radius

175 pm

Quantity

Ytterbium Crystal Structure

Notes

Allotropes

allotrope

α-ytterbium

symbol

αYb

allotrope

β-ytterbium

symbol

βYb

allotrope

γ-ytterbium

symbol

γYb

Nearest Neighbor Distance

300 K, 1 atm

388 pm

Atomic Concentration

300 K, 1 atm

3.02×1022 cm-3

Quantity

Ytterbium History

Notes

Discovery

date of discovery

1878

discoverer

Jean-Charles Galissard de Marignac

birth

April 24, 1817

death

April 15, 1894

location of discovery

Geneva, Switzerland

Origin of Element Name

origin

Ytterby

origin description

place—A city in Sweden

Origin of Element Symbol

symbol: Yb

origin

ytterbium

origin description

element name

Formerly Used or Proposed Element Names and Symbols

name

neoytterbium

no matching symbol specified

name

aldebaranium

no matching symbol specified

Quantity

Ytterbium Abundances

Notes

Earth's Crust

3.2 ppm

Earth's Mantle

462 ppb

primitive mantle

Bulk Earth

0.30 ppm

Ocean Water

8×10-7 ppm

Metalliferous Ocean Sediment

Basal

13 ppm

Ridge

5.7 ppm

U.S. Coal

0.95 ppm

calculated from cerium and lanthanum data

Ferns

0.04 ppm to 0.6 ppm

Solar System

0.2479

number of atoms for every 106 atoms of silicon

Sun

1.08 ± 0.15

base 10 log of the number of atoms for every 1012 atoms of hydrogen

Meteorites

0.95 ± 0.02

base 10 log of the number of atoms for every 1012 atoms of hydrogen

Quantity

Ytterbium Nomenclature

Notes

Element Names in Other Languages

French

ytterbium

German

Ytterbium

Italian

itterbio

Spanish

yterbio

Portuguese

itérbio

Anions or Anionic Substituent Groups

ytterbide

Cations or Cationic Substituent Groups

ytterbium

Ligands

ytterbido

Heteroatomic Anion

ytterbate

'a' Term—Substitutive Nomenclature

ytterba

'y' Term—Chains and Rings Nomenclature

ytterby

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