Numerari from KnowledgeDoor---The scientific calculator with graphing, unit keypads, complex numbers, constants, advanced functions, user-defined keys, quick copy, and more! Learn more (Link leaves KnowledgeDoor website)

Element

Melting Point

Click button to see citations

Notes

Actinium

  1323 ± 50 K  

Aluminum

1 atm

 933.473 K 

ITS-90 fixed point (freezing point)

Americium

  1449 ± 5 K   

Antimony

1 atm

 903.778 K 

ITS-90 first-quality, secondary reference point (freezing point)

Argon

7.2 GPa

 810 K to 820 K 

5.7 GPa

 700 K to 750 K 

10.0 bar

  84.00 K  

5.0 bar

  83.87 K  

2.5 bar

  83.81 K  

1 bar

  83.814 K 

Arsenic

gray arsenic, 38.6 atm

 816 °C    

Astatine

 575.15 K  

Barium

1 bar

  1000 ± 3 K   

Berkelium

  1323 ± 50 K  

Beryllium

1 bar

  1560 ± 5 K   

Bismuth

1 atm

 544.552 K 

ITS-90 first-quality, secondary reference point (freezing point)

Boron

1 bar

  2350 ± 50 K  

Bromine

1 bar

265.90 ± 0.05 K

Cadmium

1 atm

 594.219 K 

ITS-90 first-quality, secondary reference point (freezing point)

Calcium

1 bar

  1115 ± 2 K   

Californium

  1173 ± 30 K  

Carbon

diamond, 125 kbar

  4100 ± 200 K 

graphite

1 kbar

  4800 ± 200 K 

100 atm

4200 K     

hexagonal graphite, 9 kbar

  4100 ± 100 K 

Cerium

  1070 ± 3 K   

Cesium

1 bar

301.55 ± 0.01 K

Chlorine

1 atm

 172.12 K  

Chromium

1 bar

  2130 ± 20 K  

Cobalt

1 atm

1768 K     

ITS-90 second-quality, secondary reference point (freezing point)

Copper

1 atm

1357.77 K  

ITS-90 fixed point (freezing point)

Curium

  1619 ± 50 K  

Dysprosium

  1683 ± 4 K   

Einsteinium

  1133 ± 50 K  

Erbium

  1795 ± 10 K  

Europium

  1095 ± 5 K   

Fermium

  1125 ± 50 K  

Flerovium

 340 K     

predicted value

Fluorine

1 atm

 53.49 ± 0.01 K

Francium

 300.15 K  

Gadolinium

  1591 ± 10 K  

Gallium

1 atm

 302.9146 K

ITS-90 fixed point (melting point)

Germanium

1211.40 K  

Gold

1 atm

1337.33 K  

ITS-90 fixed point (freezing point)

Hafnium

1 bar

  2500 ± 20 K  

Helium

26 atm

   0.95 K  

33.3 bar

   1.86 K  

Holmium

  1742 ± 5 K   

Hydrogen

146 GPa

   880 ± 50 K  

106 GPa

  1050 ± 60 K  

melting curve maximum

1 atm

  14.01 K  

1 bar

  13.95 K  

Indium

1 atm

 429.7485 K

ITS-90 fixed point (freezing point)

Iodine

1 bar

386.75 ± 0.03 K

Iridium

1 atm

2719 K     

ITS-90 first-quality, secondary reference point (freezing point)

Iron

1 atm

1811 K     

ITS-90 second-quality, secondary reference point (freezing point)

Krypton

1 atm

 115.78 K  

Lanthanum

  1192 ± 1 K   

Lawrencium

1900.15 K  

Lead

1 atm

 600.612 K 

ITS-90 first-quality, secondary reference point (freezing point)

Lithium

1 atm

 453.65 K  

Lutetium

  1950 ± 15 K  

Magnesium

1 bar

   923 ± 1 K   

Manganese

1 bar

  1519 ± 5 K   

Mendelevium

1100.15 K  

Mercury

1 atm

 234.3210 K

ITS-90 first-quality, secondary reference point (freezing point)

Molybdenum

1 atm

2895 K     

ITS-90 first-quality, secondary reference point (melting point)

Moscovium

 700 K     

predicted value

Neodymium

  1298 ± 5 K   

Neon

54.5 kbar

 327.9 K   

52.8 kbar

 321.3 K   

46.6 kbar

 294.2 K   

46.4 kbar

 293.5 K   

45.4 kbar

 288.4 K   

41.8 kbar

 273.5 K   

41.3 kbar

 270.6 K   

25.9 kbar

 197.7 K   

21.8 kbar

 177.4 K   

15.7 kbar

 143.3 K   

1 bar

  25.24 K  

Neptunium

   913 ± 3 K   

Nickel

1 atm

1728 K     

ITS-90 second-quality, secondary reference point (freezing point)

Nihonium

 700 K     

predicted value

Niobium

1 atm

2745 K     

ITS-90 second-quality, secondary reference point (melting point)

Nitrogen

71 GPa

1400 K     

50 GPa

1920 K     

19 GPa

   830 ± 40 K  

1 atm

  63.15 K  

Nobelium

1100.15 K  

Oganesson

 258 K     

predicted value

Osmium

1 atm

  3400 ± 50 K  

Oxygen

molecular oxygen

10 bar

  54.47 K  

2.0 bar

  54.38 K  

1.5 bar

  54.38 K  

1 atm

  54.37 K  

1 bar

  54.37 K  

0.8 bar

  54.37 K  

0.6 bar

  54.37 K  

ozone, 1 atm

  80.15 K  

Palladium

1 atm

1828.0 K   

ITS-90 first-quality, secondary reference point (freezing point)

Phosphorus

cubic white phosphorus

  44.1 °C  

ultrapure

  44.25 °C 

Platinum

1 atm

2041.3 K   

ITS-90 first-quality, secondary reference point (freezing point)

Plutonium

   913 ± 2 K   

Polonium

 527.15 K  

Potassium

1 bar

 336.35 K  

Praseodymium

  1208 ± 3 K   

Promethium

  1253 ± 10 K  

Protactinium

  1843 ± 50 K  

Radium

 973.15 K  

Radon

1 atm

 202.15 K  

Rhenium

  3458 ± 20 K  

Rhodium

1 atm

2236 K     

ITS-90 first-quality, secondary reference point (freezing point)

Rubidium

1 bar

312.65 ± 0.1 K 

Ruthenium

1 atm

2606 K     

ITS-90 second-quality, secondary reference point (melting point)

Rutherfordium

2400 K     

Samarium

  1346 ± 5 K   

Scandium

1814.15 K  

Selenium

gray selenium

 493.65 K  

Silicon

1 atm

1414 °C    

1 bar

  1685 ± 3 K   

Silver

1 atm

1234.93 K  

ITS-90 fixed point (freezing point)

Sodium

1 atm

 370.944 K 

ITS-90 second-quality, secondary reference point (freezing point)

Strontium

1 bar

  1050 ± 10 K  

Sulfur

1 bar

388.36 ± 0.02 K

cyclo-hexasulfur

  88 °C    

cyclo-heptasulfur

  39 °C    

α-orthorhombic sulfur

 115 °C    

β-monoclinic sulfur

 120 °C    

γ-monoclinic sulfur

 109 °C    

cyclo-nonasulfur

  63 °C    

cyclo-decasulfur

  92 °C    

the compound S6·S10

  92 °C    

cyclo-undecasulfur

  74 °C    

cyclo-tetradecasulfur

 117 °C    

α–cyclo-octadecasulfur

126 °C to 128 °C

cyclo-eicosasulfur

 121 °C    

Tantalum

1 atm

3280 K     

Technetium

2430.15 K  

Tellurium

 722.66 K  

Terbium

  1624 ± 5 K   

Thallium

 577.15 K  

Thorium

  2020 ± 10 K  

Thulium

  1822 ± 10 K  

Tin

1 atm

 505.078 K 

ITS-90 fixed point (freezing point)

Titanium

1 atm

1943 K     

ITS-90 second-quality, secondary reference point (melting point)

Tungsten

1 atm

3687 K     

ITS-90 first-quality, secondary reference point (melting point)

Uranium

  1407 ± 2 K   

Vanadium

1 bar

  2190 ± 20 K  

Xenon

1 atm

 161.36 K  

Ytterbium

  1091 ± 10 K  

Yttrium

1795.15 K  

Zinc

1 atm

 692.677 K 

ITS-90 fixed point (freezing point)

Zirconium

1 atm

2127 K     

ITS-90 second-quality, secondary reference point (melting point)

References    (Click the button next to a value above to see complete citation information for that entry)

Arblaster, J. W. "Vapour Pressure Equations for the Platinum Group Elements." Platinum Metals Review, volume 51, number 3, 2007, pp. 130–135. doi:10.1595/147106707X213830

Arblaster, J. W. "What is the True Melting Point of Osmium?" Platinum Metals Review, volume 49, number 4, 2005, pp. 166–168. doi:10.1595/147106705X70264

Arblaster, J. W. "The Thermodynamic Properties of Rhenium on ITS-90." Calphad, volume 20, number 3, 1996, pp. 343–352. doi:10.1016/S0364-5916(96)00036-3

Bedford, R. E., G. Bonnier, H. Maas, and F. Pavese. "Recommended Values of Temperature on the International Temperature Scale of 1990 for a Selected Set of Secondary Reference Points." Metrologia, volume 33, number 2, 1996, pp. 133–154. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/33/2/3

Chase, Malcolm W., editor. JPCRD Monograph No. 9: NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, (Part I and Part II). Woodbury, NY: American Chemical Society and the American Institute of Physics, 1998.

de Podesta, Michael. Understanding the Properties of Matter, 2nd edition. London: Taylor & Francis, 2002.

Emsley, John. Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Eremets, M. I., and I. A. Trojan. "Evidence of Maximum in the Melting Curve of Hydrogen at Megabar Pressures." JETP Letters, volume 89, number 4, 2009, pp. 174–179. doi:10.1134/S0021364009040031

Greenwood, N. N., and A. Earnshaw. Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd edition. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997.

Guminski, C. "The F-Hg system (Fluorine-Mercury)." Journal of Phase Equilibria, volume 22, number 5, 2001, pp. 578–581.

Guminski, C. "The Melting and Boiling Points of Mercury (Hg)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion, volume 13, number 4, 1992, p. 339. doi:10.1007/BF02674977

Höhne, G. W. H., W. F. Hemminger, and H.-J. Flammersheim. Differential Scanning Calorimetry, 2nd edition. Berlin: Springer–Verlag, 2003.

Jr., O. Lewin Keller,, and Glenn T. Seaborg. "Chemistry of the Transactinide Elements." pp. 139–166 in Annual Review Of Nuclear Science. Edited by Emilio Segre. Palo Alto, California: Annual Reviews Inc., 1977.

Konings, R. J. M. "Thermochemical and Thermophysical Properties of Curium and its Oxides." Journal of Nuclear Materials, volume 298, number 3, 2001, pp. 255–268. doi:10.1016/S0022-3115(01)00652-3

Konings, Rudy J. M., and Ondrej Beneš. "The Thermodynamic Properties of the f-Elements and Their Compounds. I. The Lanthanide and Actinide Metals." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, volume 39, number 4, 2010, pp. 043102–1 to 043102–47. doi:10.1063/1.3474238

Korpinarov, N., M. Marinov, D. Dimova-Malinovska, H. Nichev, M. Konstantinova, and D. Vasilev. "Silicon Nanowires and Whiskers Obtained by Arc Discharge." Journal of Physics: Conference Series, volume 113, 2008, 012007 (5pp). doi:10.1088/1742-6596/113/1/012007

Langner, Jeremy, and J. R. Cahoon. "Increase in the Alpha to Gamma Transformation Temperature of Pure Iron upon Very Rapid Heating." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, volume 41, number 5, 2010, pp. 1276–1283. doi:10.1007/s11661-010-0175-9

Lide, David R., editor. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 88th edition. Boca Raton, Florida: Taylor & Francis Group, 2008.

Madelung, O., U. Rössler, and M. Schulz, editors. Non-Tetrahedrally Bonded Elements and Binary Compounds I. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1998. doi:10.1007/b71138

Mukherjee, Goutam Dev, and Reinhard Boehler. "High-Pressure Melting Curve of Nitrogen and the Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition." Physical Review Letters, volume 99, number 22, 2007, pp. 225701–1 to 225701–4. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.225701

Nicholas, J. V., and D. R. White. "Temperature." pp. 8–41 in Measurement of the Thermodynamic Properties of Single Phases. Edited by A. R. H. Goodwin, W. A. Wakeham, and K. N. Marsh. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 2003.

Pierson, Hugh O. Handbook of Carbon, Graphite, Diamond and Fullerenes. Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Publications, 1993.

Preston-Thomas, H. "The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90)." Metrologia, volume 27, number 1, 1990, pp. 3–10. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/27/1/002

Savvatimskii, A. I. "Melting Point of Graphite and Liquid Carbon." Physics-Uspekhi, volume 46, number 12, 2003, pp. 1295–1303. doi:10.1070/PU2003v046n12ABEH001699

Seaborg, Glenn T., and Walter D. Loveland. The Elements Beyond Uranium. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1990.

Steudel, Ralf, and Bodo Eckert. "Solid Sulfur Allotropes." pp. 1–79 in Elemental Sulfur and Sulfur-Rich Compounds I. Edited by Ralf Steudel. Berlin: Springer–Verlag, 2003. doi:10.1007/b12110

Stewart, Richard B., and Richard T. Jacobsen. "Thermodynamic Properties of Argon from the Triple Point to 1200 K with Pressures to 1000 MPa." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, volume 18, number 2, 1989, pp. 639–798.

Stewart, Richard B., Richard T. Jacobsen, and w. Wagner. "Thermodynamic Properties of Oxygen from the Triple Point to 300 K with Pressures to 80 MPa." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, volume 20, number 5, 1991, pp. 917–1021.

Swartzendruber, L. J. "Properties of Iron." Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams, volume 3, number 2, 1982, p. 224.

Syshchenko, O., J. Day, and J. Beamish. "Elastic Properties of Solid Helium." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, volume 21, number 16, 2009, 164204 (6pp). doi:10.1088/0953-8984/21/16/164204

Tegeler, Ch., R. Span, and W. Wagner. "A New Equation of State for Argon Covering the Fluid Region for Temperatures From the Melting Line to 700 K at Pressures up to 1000 MPa." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, volume 28, number 3, 1999, pp. 779–850.

Tonkov, E. Yu, and E. G. Ponyatovsky. Phase Transformations of Elements Under High Pressure. Advances in Metallic Alloys 4. Edited by J. N. Fridlyander and D. G. Eskin. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press LLC, 2005.

Vos, W. L., J. A. Schouten, D. A. Young, and M. Ross. "The Melting Curve of Neon at High Pressure." Journal of Chemical Physics, volume 94, number 5, 1991, pp. 3835–3838. doi:10.1063/1.460683

Yaws, Carl L. The Yaws Handbook of Physical Properties for Hydrocarbons and Chemicals. Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing Company, 2005.

Heaven's Boulevard astronomical
sky image for any location, date, and time. Personalize with a picture and message. Great gift for birthdays, anniversaries, or any special event. Learn more (Link leaves KnowledgeDoor website)